CCC 1782: Man has the right to act in conscience and in freedom so as personally to make moral decisions. “He must not be forced to act contrary to his conscience. Nor must he be prevented from acting according to his conscience, especially in religious matters.”
I agree the formation of conscience is essential. Just note that in the above para and following, the CCC refers simply to “conscience.”
1782 is in the section regarding judgments of conscience. 1783 is from the following section regarding formation of conscience.
1783 Conscience must be informed and moral judgment enlightened. A well-formed conscience is upright and truthful. It formulates its judgments according to reason, in conformity with the true good willed by the wisdom of the Creator. the education of conscience is indispensable for human beings who are subjected to negative influences and tempted by sin to prefer their own judgment and to reject authoritative teachings.
This section states that if we are to use our conscience for moral judgments, our conscience
must be properly formed.
In a later section regarding erroneous judgment:
1790 A human being must always obey the certain judgment of his conscience. If he were deliberately to act against it, he would condemn himself. Yet it can happen that moral conscience remains in ignorance and makes erroneous judgments about acts to be performed or already committed.
This clearly says that we are to follow our conscience, but that we can err by doing so if our conscience is in ignorance.
1791 This ignorance can often be imputed to personal responsibility. This is the case when a man "takes little trouble to find out what is true and good, or when conscience is by degrees almost blinded through the habit of committing sin."59 In such cases, the person is culpable for the evil he commits.
This clearly states that if we do not do everything we can to properly form our conscience, we can indeed sin by following it.
In summary:
If our conscience is properly formed, we cannot sin by following it.
If our conscience is not properly formed through no fault of our own, our culpability for following an erroneous judgment of our conscience would be greatly reduced (possibly to zero).
If, however, our conscience is not properly formed through our own fault, we are culpable for the evil we may commit by following an erroneous judgment of conscience in addition to the sin of not trying to grow spiritually.
Therefore, the following statement is not accurate:
The Church teaches that it’s wrong for an individual to violate their conscience. Period.
All boldfaced emphasis mine. Source for CCC quotes:
vatican.va/archive/ENG0015/__P5Z.HTM