Itwin,
First,I wish to compliment you on your style of dialogue. I always appreciate your posts.
Thank you. I appreciate your posts as well. It’s always interesting to read about the Lutheran perspective and you articulate it well.
As for the bolded, I would disagree that baptized infants are not believers. From the Lutheran POV, Baptism is the washing of regeneration, which provides forgiveness of sins, and brings the baptized into lovingcare of the Father. From the LCMS website:
The Bible tells us that such “faith comes by hearing” (Rom 10:17). Jesus Himself
commands Baptism and tells us that Baptism is water used together with the Word of God (Matt 28:19-
20).
I agree that faith comes by hearing. I also agree that baptism is a command and also that it is inseparable from the proclamation of the Word.
Because of this, we believe that Baptism is one of the miraculous means of grace (another is God’s
Word as it is written or spoken), through which God creates and/or strengthens the gift of faith in a
person’s heart (see Acts 2:38; Acts 22:16; 1 Peter 3:21; Gal 3:26-27; Rom 6:1-4; Col 2:11-12; 1 Cor.
12:13).
I have no problem saying that baptism is a means of grace, if means of grace is defined as “any activities within the fellowship of the church that God uses to give more grace to Christians.” Preaching/teaching the Word, the Lord’s Supper, prayer, worship, spiritual gifts, fellowship, evangelism, personal ministry, and even ecclesiastical discipline are all means of grace.
I don’t believe that baptism itself creates faith in the believer (faith is a gift from God, which comes by hearing the Word, as Romans 10 makes clear). Baptism can, I believe, accompany faith and strengthen one’s faith.
Terms the Bible uses to talk about the beginning of faith include “conversion” and
“regeneration.” Although we do not claim to understand fully how this happens, we believe that when an infant is baptized God creates faith in the heart of that infant. We believe this because the Bible says that infants can believe (Matt 18:6) and that new birth (regeneration) happens in Baptism (John 3:5-7; Titus 3:5-6). The infant’s faith cannot yet, of course, be verbally expressed or articulated by the child, yet it is real and present all the same (see e.g., Acts 2:38-39; Luke 1:15; 2 Tim 3:15). The faith of the infant, like the faith of adults, also needs to be fed and nurtured by God’s Word (Matt 28:18-20), or it will die.
Matthew 18:6 doesn’t actually indicate infants, though. The text says child/children.
John 3:5-7 on its face suggests strong evidence for regenerative baptism. Yet, this verse can be interpreted in other ways. Jesus could be using water as a symbol for the Holy Spirit, such as in John 7:38-39 where Jesus said, “He that believeth on me, as the scripture hath said, out of his belly shall flow rivers of living water. (But this spake he of the Spirit, which they that believe on him should receive.” In fact, the word “and” (Greek
kai) in “water and the Spirit” can be translated as “even,” “namely,” or “that is.” So, Jesus could be saying “unless one is born of water, that is, the Spirit, he cannot enter the kingdom of God.”
Titus 3:5-6 speaks of “the washing of regeneration and renewal of the Holy Spirit.” In a similar passage, Ephesians 5:26 states, “Christ loved the church and gave himself up for her, that he might sanctify her, having cleansed her by the washing of water with the word.” It is the Word of God that washes clean, not physical water.
The interpretation of Acts 2:38-39 and 2 Timothy 3:15 is interesting, but it seems to me those verses don’t really apply to the matter of infant baptism. Yes, the promise of the Father is for us, our children, and for all who are far off if they repent of their sins and are baptized. Logically, that means that we, our children, and all those who are far off need to repent first and then be baptized.
The verse in 2 Timothy, honestly, strikes me as a big stretch. Paul is referring to Timothy being taught and exposed to the Scriptures from an early age, but there is not indication that he believed in infancy. He clearly learned the truth as he grew in childhood. I grew up in a Christian home and was “acquainted with the sacred writings” from childhood, but it didn’t require infant baptism for that to happen.
Luke 1:15 indeed provides Scriptural proof that infants can be regenerated and filled with the Spirit even before birth. But this has nothing to do with infant baptism. John the Baptist was filled with the Spirit before it was physically possible to even baptize him.
I agree that Scripture is clear that God is able to save infants in an unusual way apart from hearing and understanding the Gospel. Yet, it’s important to note that in every case in Scripture where this happens, this regeneration occurs without the aid of baptism. It is always the direct work of the Holy Spirit.
Infant baptism and faith are, therefore, directly connected.
Jon
Jon, thanks for giving a Scriptural defense from a Lutheran interpretation. I’m still not convinced. I’m not really disturbed by Christians who do baptize their infant children (to me, it has the same effect as dedicating a child to the Lord), but I am disturbed with the implication that children who die in infancy are thought to be Christians or not solely on the basis of an action taken or not taken by their parents.