Another important detail that male religious superiors want the laity to notice about Bishop Favalora’s statement is not only the recognition of his priesthood as on-going and irreversible, but also the fact that Fr. Cutie DID NOT violate a vow or vows.
Fr. Cutie sinned against chastity and against the promise of celibacy. Only religious men and women make vows, not secular men and women. Fr. Cutie is a secular priest. Secular priests make a promise of celibacy and a promise of obedience to their bishop and the Holy See.
The sin against the promise of celibacy is objectively grave. However, objectively speaking, the sin against a vow of chastity is even more grave, because the vow of chastity is an act of consecration of a person’s entire life to God, the Church, the founder of his community, to the community itself.
In this case, there is no founder, no community and no act of consecration. The promise of celibacy is a promise to comply with a Church discipline.
The vow of chastity is not a promise to comply with a discipline. It is a covenant between the person and all the above to live within a religious family, to accept the religioius family in place of one’s biological family, to unite one’s life to the Crucified Christ for the salvation of one’s soul, the salvation of the religioius community and the salvation of the the Church. It frees one from any attachments, even geographical attachments to a particular place, such as a diocese or local Church and binds us in a myserious way to the Universal Church past, present and future. It commits us to live the Gospel in a communion of saints with the founder of the community, his canonically elected successors and ones brothers and sisters in the religious family to which one belongs. None of these elements are present in a promise of celibacy.
Part of the mission that has been assigned to religious is to help those who do not know the difference between a promise of celibacy and its effects vs a vow of chastity and its effects come to a greater understanding. Unfortunately, there are many who are saying that Fr. Cutie broke his vows or violated his vows. He is not in vows. There are no vows to break or violate.
On another issue, the Archbishop is very clear. Fr. Cutie is still bound by the promise of celibacy, whether he is a Catholic or an Episcopalian. The promise is never broken. One can sin against the promise, but the promise remains in effect and one is bound to keep trying to fulfill what one has promised. The solution would have been to go to confession, do penance and keep trying to fulfill what he promised. The best analogy is marriage. If one is unfaithful to the spouse, one continues to be married and the marriage vows are still in effect. The infidelity does not undo the marriage vows.
In choosing to leave the Church, Fr. Cutie is simply running away from a reality that remains intact. The promise that he made is still there. It is still binding until the Holy Father says that it is no longer binding.
The conditions under which the Holy Father can say that it is no longer binding are up to the Holy Father. The individual has to negotiate that with the Holy See.
Dispensations don’t all have the same conditions. Some have commutations of the promise. Others dispense with the promise completely. Others suspend the promise until the person can fulfill it. This judgment belongs only to the Holy Father. No bishop or lay person can decide this. The individual priest can only ask, but the outcome is in the hands of the Holy Father.
Another detail for learning is the question of faculties. A priest who does not have faculties from an Ordinary, cannot celebrate the sacraments licitly and some sacraments he can’t celebrate with validity. In this case, Fr. Cutie cannot validly witness a marriage between Catholics; but he can validly do so between Episcopalians. He can validly absolve from sin someone who is in serious danger of death, regardless of his status.
There are many lessons in this statement. I guess there is always good that can come from every situation.
Fraternally,
Br. JR, OSF
