Ten Men in a Boat

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Nonsense. If you are confronted with a “kill or be killed” scenario, then the rational option is “kill”. Even if you intend to kill the attacker, it is not considered “murder”. “Murder” is a legal term, and it means: “the illegal taking of the life of a human being”.
I already addressed this point earlier in the thread.
True. It is not the “end” that justifies the means, it is that “some means achieved via certain ends” can be justified.
I would rather be a living coward than a dead “hero”. You may not have heard the phrase that “discretion is the better part of valor”?
The question is what is the moral thing to do. Not what is convenient. Not what what keeps you alive. If you would chose to act immorally, what does that say about you?
 
If you had the option of sacrificing yourself, then I don’t see that choosing to ‘sacrifice’ another’s life instead would possibly be considered moral.

If for some reason sacrificing your own life was not an option (e.g. if the others drank a lot more water than you, or the limiting resource was one you did not need, such as insulin on a boat with 9 diabetics and you) then you are closer to the ectopic pregnancy scenario. And in the case of pregnancy I gather the official RCC position is that ‘indirectly’ killing one human being as an inevitable but unwanted result of saving another life is morally permissible, but doing so ‘directly’ is not.
I don’t believe it is morally justified for an individual to decide to sacrifice SOMEONE ELSE without that other person’s consent. One may try to persuade the other person that they would be saving the lives of the nine others by their self-sacrifice, but it is not YOUR right to choose to murder them since they are entitled to the same right to life as everyone else. The issue of abortion that you raise is correct AFAIK but the current issue would not involve indirect killing but instead direct murder. Parenthetically, since I’m Jewish and not Catholic, I abide by the Jewish Law regarding abortion, which mandates saving the mother if her unborn child is an unwitting threat to her life.
 
I already addressed this point earlier in the thread.
Where? Did you redefine murder, too?
The question is what is the moral thing to do. Not what is convenient. Not what what keeps you alive. If you would chose to act immorally, what does that say about you?
The church says that self-defense is morally permissible. Does the church now advocate immoral actions? If you think that it is a morally problematic to intend to stay alive, then start to quarrel with the church.
 
Where? Did you redefine murder, too?

The church says that self-defense is morally permissible. Does the church now advocate immoral actions? If you think that it is a morally problematic to intend to stay alive, then start to quarrel with the church.
I said self-defense is permissible. Click the arrow for to find “where”:
However, in such a situation you are introducing an aggressor, and the right of self defense would kick in. It would be morally acceptable to kick the aggressor off the boat to protect oneself or other passengers, particularly in the heat of the struggle.
Murder is never justified. If someone attempts to murder another passenger, the one attacked would have every right to throw the murderer overboard.
 
Yes, nonetheless, none of them “sacrificed” themselves for the others, nor did anyone toss another aside. They all struggled as one to survive, and aided the weak, and only resorted to cannibilism once the person had died and they needed to eat to survive.
Actually yes, in the plane crash case, just like in the above example, one of them had to “sacrifice” himself to walk all the way from where they were to the bottom of the mountain. When this option was proposed none of them wanted to go and then the “leader of the group” decided that they were either all going to die or he better sacrified himself for the rest and go and he actually decided to take with him another guy who didn’t want to go – that guy pretty much was forced to go. Now we know that they survived but if you don’t know the end of the story, under the conditions they were it was higly unlikely that they were going to survive. On the miners case I don’t remember what was their agreement but they did decided something along the lines that they were going to let the weakest one die, I am not 100% sure but I think part of the deal was they would murder the weakest one and eat him.
 
what is the moral thing to do?
the 9 men in the boat are the mother and the one man is her unborn child, the perilous situation on the ocean is a grave illness. the child must die or both will die. does the mother kill the child or are both mother and child left to die together?
the ‘real life’ answer is that both are treated to save both their lives, they are not left to die together. the treatment may lead to the death of the child but every effort will be made to avoid that and save the child’s life. this is the moral solution, to try to save both lives.

in the example we are given our choice is not a real life choice, it is a choice between deliberately allowing both mother and child to die or deliberately killing the child. neither solution is necessary therefore neither solution is moral.
 
Ah, the usual efforts to escape the problem. Happens all the time. Most people are cowards to face hard problems even if the problem is only hypothetical.
If a hypothetical problem cannot possibly arise in real life, it is not a problem that needs a solution. You may as well ask “what if you disciovered you were really an alien from outer space?”
It is not the point if this particular scenario would arise or not. It is that sometimes reality forces you to make a choice between two “unpalatable” options. The situation is not one of your making, but the choice cannot be avoided. Rational thinking demands to minimize the harm, if harm cannot be avoided. It is obviously better for 9 people to survive than to have all 10 to die. If there is a volunteer, then no force is needed, and the problem is solved. If there is no volunteer (possible!) then a draw of luck is preferred.
That may be what some people call “rational thinking” but it is not the moral law as revealed by God to all men (though clouded in their minds by the Fall) and fully elucidated by His Church.

It is not just a matter of “how many people will die”. It is not morally permissible to commit deliberate murder or suicide even if the alternative would be the **unintentional **death of a hundred or a thousand or a million others. In the end we are ALL going to die sooner or later. What ultimately matters is not how long or short is our life on earth, but how we spend eternal life.
As to the likelyhood of such situations. There was a disaster in the Andes, where a plane went down, and people HAD to resort to cannibalism in order to survive. They did, and no one ever blamed the survivors for their actions, even though there is a very strong prohibition against cannibalism.
completely different scenario. Nobody committed murder or suicide. There may be a strong social taboo against cannibalism, but the Church has never had an absolute prohibition against cannibalism. She directs only that dead bodies be respected. The survivors treated the dead bodies with as much respect as they could under the circumstances. Even the Jewish Law under which cannibalism is an abomination, allows an exception to ANY directive of the Law if it is necessary to break it in order to save a human life.
 
At the moment I’m leaning towards all ten must die. It is wrong to deliberately take a life, whether yours or someone else’s. I think the idea that one might give up rations for the good of all is a good one, but I would like this all to be grounded in Catholic moral thought, frankly. I am hearing a lot of opinions.

This kind of exercise is supposed to help us develop our moral sense so that we can make right choices when the time comes. As for me, I stay out of boats. 🙂
 
I get very frustrated with many of the responses that threads like this receive - specifically, response to the effect of “this couldn’t be a real life situation” and “there are other options than the two” or “Pray.”

Regardless of the realistic possibility of the original situation actually happening, the problem legitimately raises questions of moral principles. And who is to say a situation of the nature the OP has in mind (even if not the exact situation he described) could not occur - that is, a situation in which there are only two possibilities (everyone dies, or one person dies).
As for praying - sure, we should pray, but there are still relevant, realistic moral principles which should be applied - if a man has a life-threatening disease the only treatment for which would have very negative, does that mean he should avoid the treatment (for fear of mutilating his body) and simply pray for a miracle?

As to the actual question - assuming the only two options are for one to jump overboard or allow everyone to die, I don’t think jumping overboard would constitute suicide/direct killing of oneself. One is leaving the boat, knowing that he will not survive, but he is not directly killing himself.
 
The essence of this scenario has been dramatized in two recent acclaimed novels:

–The Road, by Cormac McCarthy

–The Lifeboat, by Charlotte Rogan

I my view, the current Global Capitalist Economy creates civilization in which some are living very long and comfortable lives at the expense of others who having “poor, short, nasty, brutish, and short” (quoting Thomas Hobbes) lives. This is because the U.S. governments allows Americans to have free trade with nations that have millions of workers who are virtual slaves who have no human or democratic rights at all.

This was why, just yesterday (January 1, 2012), Pope Benedict XVI issued as major statement to the world including these lines:

–“It is alarming to see…growing instances of inequality between rich and poor, by the prevalence of a selfish and individualistic mindset which also finds expression in an unregulated financial capitalism.”

–"…an integral social and communitarian development,…is part of God’s plan for mankind."

–“Peace is principally the attainment of the common good in society at its different levels, primary and intermediary, national, international and global.”

–“Peacemakers are those who love, defend and promote life in its fullness.”

–“The attainment of peace depends above all on recognizing that we are, in God, one human family. This family is structured, as the Encyclical Pacem in Terris taught, by interpersonal relations and institutions supported and animated by a communitarian “we”,…”

–"…mankind can overcome that progressive dimming and rejection of peace which is sin in all its forms: selfishness and violence, greed and the will to power and dominion, intolerance, hatred and unjust structures."

–“It is indispensable, then, that the various cultures in our day overcome forms of anthropology and ethics based on technical and practical suppositions which are merely subjectivistic and pragmatic, in virtue of which relationships of coexistence are inspired by criteria of power or profit, means become ends and vice versa, and culture and education are centred on instruments, technique and efficiency alone.”

The pope’s whole 2013 World Peace Day message (Jan. 1) can be read here: vatican.va/holy_father/benedict_xvi/messages/peace/documents/hf_ben-xvi_mes_20121208_xlvi-world-day-peace_en.html
 
As to the actual question - assuming the only two options are for one to jump overboard or allow everyone to die, I don’t think jumping overboard would constitute suicide/direct killing of oneself. One is leaving the boat, knowing that he will not survive, but he is not directly killing himself.
Of course it is suicide, whether it is pulling the trigger of a gun or deliberately entering a situation which you know will certainly result in your death.

Just as if you threw someone overboard in the middle of the ocean, you would be charged with murder even though you may claim that you didn’t directly kill him, the ocean, thirst and the exposure to the elements killed him.
 
or deliberately entering a situation which you know will certainly result in your death.
You think Father Kolby the Fraciscan from world war two committed suicide, which is a mortal sin, or was what he did somehow different and not a sin?
 
I get very frustrated with many of the responses that threads like this receive - specifically, response to the effect of “this couldn’t be a real life situation” and “there are other options than the two” or “Pray.”

Regardless of the realistic possibility of the original situation actually happening, the problem legitimately raises questions of moral principles. And who is to say a situation of the nature the OP has in mind (even if not the exact situation he described) could not occur - that is, a situation in which there are only two possibilities (everyone dies, or one person dies).
If a person sets up a scenario that has other options, then it is only logical to explore those options. The OP clearly said earlier, that the crews statements were not necessarily true, thus expanding the domain of ethical solutions. If someone sets up a problem has has only two options, then those two options must be stated up front.
As for praying - sure, we should pray, but there are still relevant, realistic moral principles which should be applied - if a man has a life-threatening disease the only treatment for which would have very negative, does that mean he should avoid the treatment (for fear of mutilating his body) and simply pray for a miracle?
Such a man would not be obligated to undergo a disproportionately invasive treatment. Allowing oneself to die naturally is not immoral.
 
At the moment I’m leaning towards all ten must die. It is wrong to deliberately take a life, whether yours or someone else’s. I think the idea that one might give up rations for the good of all is a good one, but I would like this all to be grounded in Catholic moral thought, frankly. I am hearing a lot of opinions. …
Jesus tells us in the Sermon on the Mount:

Gospel of Matthew said:
25 Therefore I tell you, do not worry about your life, what you will eat (or drink), or about your body, what you will wear. Is not life more than food and the body more than clothing?
Matthew 6:25-26 (NAB)

Forgoing food and water for hope of rescue is not sinful, even if rescue is a remote possibility. Indeed, it would be an admirable sacrifice. One is trusting his life to God, trusting that even death would be God’s will.

Death is a natural consequence of our fallen nature. It can be justly allowed to occur.
 
You think Father Kolby the Fraciscan from world war two committed suicide, which is a mortal sin, or was what he did somehow different and not a sin?
What St Maximilian Kolbe did was very different. He was in a concentration camp and the Nazis had decided that 10 prisoners would be murdered by starvation (they provided some water). St Maximilian told the commandant that he would be willing to be put in the starvation hut instead of one of the men chosen who had a large young family. The commandant made the decision to do so (no doubt an easy decision since St Maximilian had been a prolific writer and publisher of anti-Nazi magazines and pamphlets and the Nazis would be well pleased to be rid of him). After several weeks the other nine men had died but St Maximilian was still alive, whereupon the Nazis murdered him by a lethal injection.

St Maximilian’s action was analagous to throwing his body in front of another innocent person who is being attacked with a knife or gun, and so being killed instead of him. Not suicide. He was killed because of hatred for the Catholic faith. not suicide.
 
If a hypothetical problem cannot possibly arise in real life, it is not a problem that needs a solution.
It must be great to have “omniscience” and know if some scenario “cannot possibly arise”. Does your omniscience extend to the next set of lottery numbers?
That may be what some people call “rational thinking” but it is not the moral law as revealed by God to all men (though clouded in their minds by the Fall) and fully elucidated by His Church.
If you wish to fall back on this defense, then you must prove beyond a shadow of a doubt that 1) there is a God, 2) there was a “revelation”. Otherwise you only repeat an opinion. Use only rational arguments, please, and no hearsay “evidence”.
It is not just a matter of “how many people will die”. It is not morally permissible to commit deliberate murder or suicide even if the alternative would be the **unintentional **death of a hundred or a thousand or a million others. In the end we are ALL going to die sooner or later. What ultimately matters is not how long or short is our life on earth, but how we spend eternal life.
Prove that there is an eternal life and it is contingent upon our behavior here. Don’t just repeat your opinion as if it were an argument. And tell us how do you define “murder”.
There may be a strong social taboo against cannibalism, but the Church has never had an absolute prohibition against cannibalism.
And what else would morality be then the collection of social rules and taboos?
 
It must be great to have “omniscience” and know if some scenario “cannot possibly arise”. Does your omniscience extend to the next set of lottery numbers?
One certainly sdoes not need to have any special power to see logically that a situation cannot arise. Others here have already pointed out several reasons why this situation could not arise in real life.
If you wish to fall back on this defense, then you must prove beyond a shadow of a doubt that 1) there is a God, 2) there was a “revelation”. Otherwise you only repeat an opinion. Use only rational arguments, please, and no hearsay “evidence”.
Prove that there is an eternal life and it is contingent upon our behavior here. Don’t just repeat your opinion as if it were an argument. And tell us how do you define “murder”.
And what else would morality be then the collection of social rules and taboos?
All these questions are off-topic. You will find them very fully debated and answered elsewhere on this site. This is a Catholic site and unless specifically stated otherwise, a question about morality implies that answers should be based upon the truth as knowen to the Catholic Church.
 
One certainly sdoes not need to have any special power to see logically that a situation cannot arise.
There is nothing logically contradictory about the scenario.
All these questions are off-topic. You will find them very fully debated and answered elsewhere on this site. This is a Catholic site and unless specifically stated otherwise, a question about morality implies that answers should be based upon the truth as knowen to the Catholic Church.
Authority based “arguments” are only accepted by those who accept the authority. Undefined words like “murder” do not lend credence to what you say.
 
I read a fascinating book some years ago about Captain Bligh, who of course was kicked off the Bounty and sent to sea in a life boat with eighteen members of the crew who were still loyal to him. Captain Bligh needed to get the men in the lifeboat 3600 miles across the Pacific without the aid of any of the modern navigational tools. He furthermore had to ration what little food and water they had. As I recall, men were literally being given daily spoonfuls of water in order to sustain all of the crew. I guess the story was fascinating to read because I was a manager at the time, and it was interesting to reflect upon the way that Captain Bligh preserved those men even though they undoubtedly hated him during the voyage. it was an interesting case study in leadership, and how sometimes a leader has to do exactly what the people don’t want, rather than what they do want.

Here is a link with a summary: buzzle.com/articles/captain-bligh-voyage-of-survival.html

I’ve no idea if this helps the discussion, but for what it is worth, I do believe that it is somewhat artificial to construct a problem where it is presumed that the sustenance is only adequate for nine men, and not ten.
 
Thoughts:

What if the Captain was wrong? What if only eight could make it, or if all ten could, and he simply miscounted the water? Someone might be throwing their life away on speculation.

What is the fundamental difference between what Kolbe did and what a suicide does? Is what we are talking about here really suicide?

I feel as if I set this problem up poorly. I apologize. Can people help fix it? How could it have been better phrased to set up the dilemma?
 
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