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COMMENTARY (part 3)
5.) Commentary by Andrew of Caesarea:
5.) Commentary by Andrew of Caesarea:
By the opening of Heaven and the vision of the covenant is shown the revelation of those blessings that have been prepared for the saints. According to the Apostle, these blessings are hidden in Christ in whom the fullness of deity dwells bodily (Col. 2:3, 9). And these things will be revealed when the punishments of Gehenna rain down upon the lawless and impious like terrifying voices and lightnings and thunder and hail. The earthquake signifies the transposition of present things.
6.) St. Hippolytus on the Woman of Revelation 12 (On Christ and Antichrist 61):We say that the Church is in birth pangs for each one of those who are being born anew through water and the Spirit, “until Christ is formed in them (Gal. 4:19),” as the Apostle says. Those who have fallen from the true light of Christ are regarded as miscarriages and experience death at the end of their life because of unfaithfulness.
7.) Commentary by St. Caesarius of Arles:By the woman then clothed with the sun, he meant most manifestly the Church, endued with the Father’s word, whose brightness is above the sun. And by the moon under her feet he referred to her being adorned, like the moon, with heavenly glory. And the words, upon her head a crown of twelve stars, refer to the twelve apostles by whom the Church was founded. And those, she, being with child, cries, travailing in birth, and pained to be delivered, mean that the Church will not cease to bear from her heart the Word that is persecuted by the unbelieving in the world.
8.) Pope John Paul II on the Woman (From Evangelium Vitae):[The moon under her feet] refers to the hypocrites and evil Christians which the church has under her feet… to be interpreted as the twelve Apostles. That the woman is clothed in the sun signifies her hope in the resurrection. For this reason it is written, “*then the righteous will shine like the sun in the kingdom of their Father *(Mt. 13:43).”
The mutual relationship between the mystery of the Church and Mary appears clearly in the “great portent” described in the Book of Revelation: “A great portent appeared in heaven, a woman clothed with the sun, with the moon under her feet, and on her head a crown of twelve stars (12:1).” In this sign the Church recognizes an image of her own mystery: present in history, she knows that she transcends history, inasmuch as she constitutes on earth the “seed and beginning” of the Kingdom of God. The Church sees this mystery fulfilled in complete and exemplary fashion in Mary. She is the woman of glory in whom God’s plan could be carried out with supreme perfection.
The “woman clothed with the sun”-the Book of Revelation tells us-“was with child” (12:2). The Church is fully aware that she bears within herself the Saviour of the world, Christ the Lord. She is aware that she is called to offer Christ to the world, giving men and women new birth into God’s own life. But the Church cannot forget that her mission was made possible by the motherhood of Mary, who conceived and bore the One who is “God from God,” “true God from true God.” Mary is truly the Mother of God, the Theotokos, in whose motherhood the vocation to motherhood bestowed by God on every woman is raised to its highest level. Thus Mary becomes the model of the Church, called to be the “new Eve,” the mother of believers, the mother of the “living” (cf. Gen 3:20).
The Church’s spiritual motherhood is only achieved-the Church knows this too-through the pangs and “the labour” of childbirth (cf. Rev 12:2), that is to say, in constant tension with the forces of evil which still roam the world and affect human hearts, offering resistance to Christ: “In *him was life, and the life was the light of men. The light shines in the darkness, and the darkness has not overcome it *(Jn 1:4-5).”
Like the Church, Mary too had to live her motherhood amid suffering: "*This child is set…for a sign that is spoken against-and a sword will pierce through your own soul also-that thoughts out of many hearts may be revealed *(Lk 2:34-35).2 The words which Simeon addresses to Mary at the very beginning of the Saviour’s earthly life sum up and prefigure the rejection of Jesus, and with him of Mary, a rejection which will reach its culmination on Calvary. “*Standing by the cross of Jesus *(Jn 19:25),” Mary shares in the gift which the Son makes of himself: she offers Jesus, gives him over, and begets him to the end for our sake. The “yes” spoken on the day of the Annunciation reaches full maturity on the day of the Cross, when the time comes for Mary to receive and beget as her children all those who become disciples, pouring out upon them the saving love of her Son: “*When Jesus saw his mother, and the disciple whom he loved standing near, he said to his mother, ‘Woman, behold, your son!’ *(Jn 19:26).”