**I don’t understand the difficulty or confusion here at all; the matter is simple. Catholics DO NOT and never have worshiped the god of the Muslims, nor have the Muslims worshiped God. The idea that both worship the same God/god is pure heresy.
There is no doubting however that this is taught in one of the Vatican II documents, Lumen Gentium.
I will quote directly from the Vatican Website:
Lumen Gentium (16) - "But the plan of salvation also includes those who acknowledge the Creator. In the first place amongst these there are the Mohammedans, who, professing to hold the faith of Abraham, along with us adore the one and merciful God, who on the last day will judge mankind."
No matter how how an apologist may attempt to twist the meaning to make it appear orthodox, it cannot be done. The meaning of the Text is clear as Crystal. If I put it in question form: "Do the muslims adore/worship the one and merciful God, who on the last day will judge mankind"? - An answer in the affirmative is heretical, and demonstrably so.
To refute common objections:
Some claim that Muslims do worship the same God as us (Catholics), as "Allah" and “God” are one and the Same. This is obviously false, and should not need further explanation. In defense of this position, it is often said that “Allah means “God” and is used in some eastern Catholic Rites”. This argument is defective as it is not the label but God Himself who we are considering. Some Pagans use the term “god” for one of their false deities, but this is not the SAME God as the one True God.
Also put foward in favour of this position is the argument that "Muslims worship the God of Abraham". This argument also fails. For a start, merely claiming to woship the God of Abraham proves nothing, except that they claim that their god was also Abrahams’s God, which is False. The Scriptures prove that Abraham did not worship the “allah” of the Koran. This is a undeniable fact.
Secondly, their argument is also weakened by the fact that Lumen gentium itself merely states that Muslims are “professing to hold the faith of Abraham”, not that they are.
Another common argument is that Muslims worship the same God as us, but they understand Him differently, or are looking through a less clear lense, or do not see the full picture etc. This is nothing more than nonsense, to put it mildly. This is not the case at all. The god (allah) of the Quran is not simply a less clear description of the One True God - it is a completely different god being described. God does not contradict Himself. He is all Truth and can never decieve nor be decieved. Thus, when “allah” says something in complete contradiction to God (not least that Jesus is merely a prophet) we Know for a fact that they are not describing, praying to nor worshiping God - but a false god who denies the very Truth which God Himself revealed.
A similar example would be a pagan who worships a god. To claim that because he worships a god, and yet his god teaches the very opposite to God, that he does in fact worship God, but doesnt know everything about Him would be absurd.
Another less common but likewise idiotic argument is that the document is merely acknowledging that we are both monotheistic. The flaw in this argument is obvious, since the document unambiguously states that they “along with us adore the one and merciful God”. Not that they worship a god. Many pagans worshiped A god, and not many. This does not mean they worship the same God as us.
Now to the part which really is unbelievable. How they got away with this one completly escapes me:
"(the Muslims) along with us adore the one and merciful God, who on the last day will judge mankind."
Do I really need to explain the error here. Everyone knows that it is De Fide - a dogma - that Christ will Judge Mankind on the last day ( to quote the Scripture and dogmatic definitions, creeds etc is not necessary and would take more space). Muslims reject Christ as God (sure they say Jesus was merely a prophet). Therefore, how in the name of all that is logical and reasonable do they worship Him who will Judge mankind on the last day: Jesus Christ?
This is an error/heresy plain and simple. I have debated for years with those who claim that it can be interpreted in an orthodox manner. No one ever, and I have read most of the defenses by leading apologists and Priests, has ever been able to interpret this in an orthodox way. **It is impossible. ** To claim that it can is to deny clear reason, loigic and Catholic Dogmas.
Its time for those who claim to be Catholic to stand up an reject this clear error as contrary to the faith.
St. Peter Mavimenus said to the muslims: ***“Whoever does not embrace the Catholic Christian religion will be damned, as was your false prophet Mohammed.” ***
And remember that: “The holy universal Church teaches that it is not possible to worship God truly except in her" - Pope Gregory XVI
(Sorry for being long winded, but I cannot understand why there is a debate at all here)