I would like to answer the last part- from a traditional, Orthodox Jewish perspective. I hope you don’t mind.
We aren’t the ones to decide what is and isn’t trivial. G-d is. He compared the Sabbath to the creation itself (Exodus 20:7-10). Willfully denying the Sabbath is tantamount to denying G-d creating “the heaven and earth, the sea, and all that in them”. Theologically, it can’t get much worse.
On the other hand, G-d is merciful:
*but the seventh day is a sabbath unto the L-RD thy G-d, in it thou shalt not do any manner of work, thou, nor thy son, nor thy daughter, nor thy man-servant, nor thy maid-servant, nor thine ox, nor thine **, nor any of thy cattle, nor thy stranger that is within thy gates; that thy man-servant and thy maid-servant may rest as well as thou… And thou shalt remember that thou was a servant in the land of Egypt, and the L-RD thy G-d brought thee out thence by a mighty hand and by an outstretched arm; therefore the L-RD thy G-d commanded thee to keep the sabbath day. (Deut. 5:13-14)
He gives us the Sabbath as a gift.
The fact is that according to Jewish law, to inflict the death penalty is almost impossible. Two eyewitnesses must have seen the perpetrator about to commit the crime and warned him of the potential penalty. The murderer must verbally answer that he chooses to proceed anyway. Twenty-three, rather than the usual three judges, must sit on the rabbinical court, among other requirements. Circumstantial evidence is never allowed in a Jewish court hearing a capital case, and a person cannot testify against themselves.
Similarly, a court that executed once in 70 years was referred to as a bloody court. As such, the death penalty was effectively legislated out of existence.
That’s how severe Jewish law takes the death penalty.
In essense, G-d is stressing just how seriously we need to take His word, but at the same time, is merciful when it comes to punishment.