You shall not make for yourself an idol, or any likeness of what is in heaven above or on the earth beneath or in the water under the earth (Exodus 20:4).
The prohibition is against making ANY likeness of what is:
- In heaven above (including God Himself, but this also includes saints or anyone who we think is in heaven).
- Earth; and
- In the water
Obviously the prohibition is on objects designed to be used in worship, however, forget about how you’re allowed to “use” such objects, we cannot even make them in the first place.
You mean things built exactly according to the specifications God enumerated?
Again if you want to get technical He forbids making them in the first place.
God did enumerate certain objects, buildings, the Ark to be built in accordance with His specifications. God also ordered the Jews to wipe out enemy armies, which would otherwise be murderous.
The point is yes God can create exceptions to His rules for His purposes, however, the ten commandments are the default rules.
Indeed this phraseology is even more problematic in other verses:
*so that you do not act corruptly and make a graven image for yourselves in the form of any figure, the likeness of male or female,
the likeness of any animal that is on the earth, the likeness of any winged bird that flies in the sky,
the likeness of anything that creeps on the ground, the likeness of any fish that is in the water below the earth (Deuteronomy 4:16-18).
You shall not make for yourselves (A)idols, nor shall you set up for yourselves an image or a sacred pillar, nor shall you place a figured stone in your land to bow down to it; for I am the LORD your God (Leviticus 26:1)*