I doubt that Jesus ever said anything in the bible to suggest that Peter was to become the earthly vicar of Christ.
Yes he did. Read Matthew 16:17-20.
Blessed art thou, Simon Bar-Jona: because flesh and blood hath not revealed it to thee, but my Father who is in heaven. 18 And I say to thee: That thou art Peter; and upon this rock I will build my church, and the gates of hell shall not prevail against it. 19 And I will give to thee the keys of the kingdom of heaven. And whatsoever thou shalt bind upon earth, it shall be bound also in heaven: and whatsoever thou shalt loose upon earth, it shall be loosed also in heaven. 20 Then he commanded his disciples, that they should tell no one that he was Jesus the Christ.
Footnote: “Thou art Peter”… As St. Peter, by divine revelation, here made a solemn profession of his faith of the divinity of Christ; so in recompense of this faith and profession, our Lord here declares to him the dignity to which he is pleased to raise him: viz., that he to whom he had already given the name of Peter, signifying a rock, St. John 1. 42, should be a rock indeed, of invincible strength, for the support of the building of the church; in which building he should be, next to Christ himself, the chief foundation stone, in quality of chief pastor, ruler, and governor; and should have accordingly all fulness of ecclesiastical power, signified by the keys of the kingdom of heaven.
18 “Upon this rock”… The words of Christ to Peter, spoken in the vulgar language of the Jews which our Lord made use of, were the same as if he had said in English, Thou art a Rock, and upon this rock I will build my church. So that, by the plain course of the words, Peter is here declared to be the rock, upon which the church was to be built: Christ himself being both the principal foundation and founder of the same. Where also note, that Christ, by building his house, that is, his church, upon a rock, has thereby secured it against all storms and floods, like the wise builder, St. Matt. 7. 24, 25.
18 “The gates of hell”… That is, the powers of darkness, and whatever Satan can do, either by himself, or his agents. For as the church is here likened to a house, or fortress, built on a rock; so the adverse powers are likened to a contrary house or fortress, the gates of which, that is, the whole strength, and all the efforts it can make, will never be able to prevail over the city or church of Christ. By this promise we are fully assured, that neither idolatry, heresy, nor any pernicious error whatsoever shall at any time prevail over the church of Christ.
19 “Loose upon earth”… The loosing the bands of temporal punishments due to sins, is called an indulgence; the power of which is here granted.
The existence of cults and false gods is due to the effects of sin. That is why there is division instead of unity.
If you are assuming the Catholic Church is a cult. You are erroneous to held such beliefs. In the Old Testament, Kings appointed Prime Ministers their keys to their kingdom and give them responsibility. In the same light, Jesus, the King of the New Covenant gave Peter the keys to Peter to his Kingdom (The Church).
There is no division in the Catholic Church. There are many 10,000 plus Protestant Churches with different doctrines due to their Sola Scriptura Doctrine.
There was never a three pope, of the three so called Popes, only 2 are anti-popes, and there is only One Pope during the time.
When the gates of hell shall not prevail against the church. It means specifically that Pope cannot error when it comes to teaching moral and faith and when he speaks from his Chair, or office “ex cathedra.”
No bad Pope has preach heresy that contradict the Bible. They can be the most sinful men, but God promised the Holy Spirit will guide them in all truths and the Church shall not error.