Towards a Common Ethic

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Oreoracle

For those who are confused, when multiple people agree on an ethic unquestioningly, the ethic is not objective. Rather, it is “intersubjective”. Just thought I’d put that out there…

When all people agree on an ethic unquestioningly, is it still “intersubjective”?
The term “intersubjective” is a way of thinking about subjective and objective as on a continuum of agreement rather than as discrete. So to answer your question, when everyone agrees, that’s what we mean by “objective.”
 
When all people agree on an ethic unquestioningly, is it still “intersubjective”?
Yes. “Intersubjective” means “existing in multiple conscious minds”. “Objective” would mean existing independently of those minds.
 
Leela

*So to answer your question, when everyone agrees, that’s what we mean by “objective.” *

So when everyone agrees and everyone happens to be wrong, isn’t the objective really subjective?

Whew!
 
Oreoracle
*
Yes. “Intersubjective” means “existing in multiple conscious minds”. “Objective” would mean existing independently of those minds.*

Can you give me an example of an objective truth?
 
*Sure. That tree is 11 feet and 7 inches tall.

No it isn’t. It’s 3.57 meters. :rotfl:

Seriously, since we have been talking about ethics, can you give me an example of an objective good or an objective evil?*
 
I will be charitable and not assume you are suggesting that atheists would act against the laws of their country, were they not thus enshrined as laws!
No, I was having a bit of fun since you outed yourself recently as an atheist. Nothing personal was meant, nor anything disrespectful.:o
That aside, the interesting thing about many legal frameworks is that they are primarily concerned with protecting property, not so much with ethics.
Though it might seem like that, general laws are the predominant laws dealing with actions of people not involving property. Go to the US Code Contents and you’ll see what I mean:

gpoaccess.gov/uscode/browse.html
I suspect any Catholic living in a state that permits legal abortion would have no trouble agreeing with that assessment. It could be argued, of course, that there are ethical standards that relate to property, but these are concerned with harm done to the person through damage or theft of property - not in preserving the wealth of the powerful, which seems to be the ultimate end of many property laws (OK, I’m being a cynic, but when the penalties for fraud and financial crime exceed those imposed for assault, rape and murder, one really can’t help wondering…)
You could be right in some places, but, not in the US. Most of any disparity that occurs has more to do with who you are and who you know, than how much property you have. But, lots of money certainly helps. Nevertheless, any such travesties are exactly that, they are “travesties.” And the majority of the citizenry knows it.
However, it is certainly the case that there is a striking commonality between certain laws in any part of the world - the proscription of murder immediately springs to mind, and I think it would take extraordinary genius to convincingly argue that rape or child abuse under any circumstances are morally permissible. My belief is that this kind of universal moral awareness, if I may so phrase it, is a product of the earliest days of humankind, when we lived in small societies that had to look after each other and maintain harmonious relationships in order to survive. Whether this is simply the result of instinct and social evolution, or if it is in fact a kind of “sixth sense” implanted by God, the outcome is pretty much the same.
If that were the case, then we are alone in the universe of mammals. A replacement male lion kills any existing cubs immediately upon taking over the pride. Males of the dog family do the same, and so forth and so on. Now, they’re “instincts” tell them to replace the yield of another’s seed with their own seed. But, if they could think it through, they might realize that the quicker they can raise the other’s seed to maturity, the better the odds of their own flourishing. On their level, there’s survival in numbers. So, there’s no thought and no “morality,”
I have just spent a weekend learning about medieval Italian swordsmanship (I promise this is relevant!) and the one thing that really struck me was the idea that one must practice the components of an art until one knows them “in one’s soul”. It seems that to the medieval mind, the soul had three elements - the vegetative soul (roughly equates to the autonomic nervous system), the animal soul (the voluntary nervous system) and the contemplative soul (the rational functions of the mind). The idea is to practice until the art becomes second nature. I found myself wondering if we also know certain moral principles “in our souls” - how often does someone ask you how you know something, and you reply that “I just do”, or how often do you find yourself saying that “I have a feeling…” about something? Maybe humans are equipped with an innate moral sense, and it is merely the conditioning of the contemplative soul by one’s upbringing or subsequent experience that leads this innate sense to be overridden.
Yes - for better or worse.
But, interesting as it is to speculate, I sure don’t have the answers!
Neither do I. God knows, neither do I!

I must tell you that I have really enjoyed our discussion. We probably haven’t moved each other much off of our original positions, but, I think we’ve come to a better understanding of those positions and their motivations. You have been charitable and I hope that I have returned the favor. Anyway, onward we go!

jd
 
For those who are confused, when multiple people agree on an ethic unquestioningly, the ethic is not objective. Rather, it is “intersubjective”. Just thought I’d put that out there…
You are a walking, breathing encyclopedia! Excellent word. Perfect for that meaning.

👍

jd
 
Thanks 🙂 I can see that being a useful term for ethical discussions, although I can also see it causing some raised hackles!

I can see some potential applications for it, though - it could be said that while murder is generally considered wrong, it’s only wrong in a human context; only those who argue that the universe was created for humans would assume that it is a universal moral transgression - whereas I and other atheists doubt that the universe, or even the non-human world, have any interest in the issue.

Then there is the problem of how one defines murder - and that varies widely depending upon one’s personal ethical opinions. There are those who would group abortion, euthanasia, stem-cell research, even killing animals for food or fur within the category of murder.

Thus it’s fair to say that some common understanding of terminology is vital to any discussion of ethics.
Could not have been better said.

jd
 
I’ve noticed a lot of times when people are trying to distinguish objective truths from subjective truths, they inadvertently muddy the issue by adding modifiers and context for instance.

Murder is objectively wrong, because by definition, murder is unjust killing. It becomes subjective when you try and decide what is murder and what is killing.

Rape is objectively wrong, because by definition, rape is an unjust sexual attack. It becomes subjective when deciding whether it was an unjust attack or just ordinary sex.

Robbery is by definition wrong, because by definition, it is taking something to which you have no right. But who decides who has rights to what?

All of these objective wrongs, have a subjective component.
Good post, Sideline. It certainly highlights one of the core problems involved in ethical discussions, particularly between religious and nonreligious folks. Even if we have a clearly defined ethic, it’s still often wide open to debate as to whether certain human actions meet the set criteria for an immoral action. Was the killing really unjustified, or were there mitigating factors? Could the sex have been consensual to any extent? Could the thief be said to have any just claim to the stolen item?

Ethics is a minefield of subjectivity. If one takes too black-and-white a view, one runs the risk of further injustice - a good example is the 18th-century theft laws in England, where a person could be hanged or transported merely for stealing food for their family that they had no means to buy. Conversely, if one is too permissive, injustice and exploitation creep in - in my honest opinion, and I suspect I’m not alone, this is what is currently happening to the Australian legal system. There is a lot of dissatisfaction with what is perceived as a weak-willed approach to dealing with violent crime.

Like so many things in life, ethics is a matter of trying to achieve a balance between extremes.
 
I must tell you that I have really enjoyed our discussion. We probably haven’t moved each other much off of our original positions, but, I think we’ve come to a better understanding of those positions and their motivations. You have been charitable and I hope that I have returned the favor. Anyway, onward we go!

jd
Likewise! 🙂 I have remarked in another thread that knowing and understanding the nature of another - be it another person or another animal - enhances one’s appreciation thereof. I think that is a relevant point - that if theists and atheists can indeed engage in rational and courteous discussion, we can agree to disagree, but at least see where the other is coming from. Another concept that has come up often in my life is that you learn by doing. I think it’s far from inevitable that theist-atheist discussions will break down into flame wars, and as civil discussion seems to be what has happened on this thread (for the most part, anyway), perhaps that is exactly what’s needed.
 
Seriously, since we have been talking about ethics, can you give me an example of an objective good or an objective evil?
I was being serious. I don’t think there’s a such thing as an objective morality. Have you ever heard of the is-ought gap? We can’t reference the goodness of an object in the same way we can reference an object’s, such as that tree’s, height. Goodness is a conception–a mind’s response to objective, external stimuli. If we can agree that emotions play a part in all decisions, it would seem as though emotion has to do with every moral statement, thus making them subjective.
 
Sair

Now that amity is established, let’s get back to civilized debate.

Maybe humans are equipped with an innate moral sense, and it is merely the conditioning of the contemplative soul by one’s upbringing or subsequent experience that leads this innate sense to be overridden.

Now this is a striking point. If maybe we can be equipped with an innate moral sense that can be overridden, why could we not also be equipped with an innate sense of God that can also be overriden?

Does the propensity of mankind to worship all over the world (as he can find his moral sense all over the world) argue that there is some objective merit in the need to worship … even when that need can be overridden?

Why is the world over imbued with religion and morals rather than atheism and immorality except in those places where religion and morals have been overridden by atheism and immorality?

To ask the question another way, if all the world were atheist, how would a moral consensus be achieved without the religious authority to endorse it?
 
Oreoracle

I was being serious. I don’t think there’s a such thing as an objective morality. Have you ever heard of the is-ought gap? We can’t reference the goodness of an object in the same way we can reference an object’s, such as that tree’s, height. Goodness is a conception–a mind’s response to objective stimuli. If we can agree that emotions play a part in all decisions, it would seem as though emotion has to do with every moral statement, thus making them subjective.

I’ve always had trouble understanding why people can believe in objective truth but not in objective morality. If morality is to deal with good and evil, why shouldn’t it be concerned with our emotions? But why can’t some emotions be on target (objective), while others are off (subjective)?

Example: If I say it is would be objectively wrong for Russia and the United States to engage in the fullest possible exercise of nuclear war at the same moment, would you say that would be only a subjective moral judgment because it is backed by the emotion of fear?

Or, when the scientist uses his intellect to secure objectively true calculations for air flight, aren’t those calculations motivated by the fear of falling (emotion)? By your logic, doesn’t that make his calculations subjective (even when his calculations are accurate to the nth degree) and even when a plane takes flight every time those calculations are used?
 
I’ve always had trouble understanding why people can believe in objective truth but not in objective morality. If morality is to deal with good and evil, why shouldn’t it be concerned with our emotions? But why can’t some emotions be on target (objective), while others are off (subjective)?
I don’t know about other people, but the reason you have trouble understanding me is because you’re using different definitions of “objective” and “subjective”, as illustrated by your last sentence in the quote.

As I have said in many threads, “objective” does not mean “consistent” and “subjective” does not mean “variable”. Basically, “objective” means “independent of emotion” and “subjective” means “dependent on emotion”.

If all sentient life were wiped out, the concept of “killing is wrong” would no longer have form at all.
 
Oreoracle

*If all sentient life were wiped out, the concept of “killing is wrong” would no longer have form at all. *

Nor would That tree is 11 feet and 7 inches tall.

Which means there would be neither subjective nor objective values.

So what is your point?
 
Nor would That tree is 11 feet and 7 inches tall.

Which means there would be neither subjective nor objective values.
It would be an objective, certain height. It would still cast a shadow which might impede the growth of a bush under it. The physical property of “height” would still be there, however the numbers describing the height would not be.

We must differentiate between the physical property and the description of the property. The old question: “if a tree falls in the forset, and no one is around, does it still make a noise?” Yes it does make the air molecules to move. (Or, as Click and Clack once said: “if a man says something in a forest and no women are around, is he still wrong?”).
 
a little clarity here.

we have tried non-theistic, relaitve morality a few time in this last century. regimes from red china, the ussr, nazis, cuba, east germany, cambodia, angola, etc, etc, on down the line

the inevitable outcome of applied atheistic morality?

100 million deaths plus.

see, the philospohpical ramifivcations of moralities objective, or subjective nature mean nothing, because in practice, subjective, relative, and atheistic morality always fails
 
Spock

It would be an objective, certain height.

Oh, come now. We are talking about truth in the mind of man, not things-in-themselves. If there were no people, there would neither be objective nor subjective truth, neither objective morals nor subjective morals.

So I still ask Oreoracle, what’s your point?
 
Our laws are based on the assumption of objective and subjective approaches to morality. When a certain moral law is violated under certain conditions, a certain punishment is required. This in itself is objective morality at work … criminals should be deprived of their freedom to be criminals. Anyone who opposes this principle might be for letting all prisoners out of prison. If you want to see the triumph of objective evil, just flirt with that subjective fantasy.
 
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