Actually, I have a question.
I know the Church claims to be infallible on matters spiritual and moral, but I am actually wondering why this caveat on infallibility exists.
Specifically…
- When was the doctrine of infallibility established
- Did it always exclude the physical
- if ‘no’ to 2, when did the physical get excluded?
I have in mind Galileo…and the great retreat over geocentralism.
The Church claims infallibility in matters of morals and doctrine. It does not claim infallibility in physical matters. Much of the issue of the universe/sun and planets dust-up was a simplistic understanding of the universe perceived through the lens of the theological implications and how they might relate to creation/God/Christ.
The fact is that some perceived that the creation of the world and Salvation History placed the earth at the center of creation, since God brought Salvation history to bear upon earth. They could not separate physical location (the earth as the center of the universe) from spiritual location (God creating the universe, including the world, and siting salvation on the earth through men and ultimately through Christ).
The issue of doctrine - that God created the universe, that man is His highest creation, that Christ is both God and man - did not change. What changed was what impact, if any, a heliocentric world had on that doctrine. They saw it as an attack on the doctrine (which it wasn’t). It actually had no impact whatsoever on the doctrine, except perhaps to show that God set forth the laws by which the whole universe stays in place/motion - which only confirms creation.
So they were right about doctrine (God created the universe) but were wrong to assume that meant that the earth had, therefore, to be the center of the universe. Being at the center, or somewhere between the center and the periphery, or on the periphery, has no impact on the doctrine at all.
What needs to be understood is that the whole knowledge base at that time was miniscule compared to today. We often fail to realize what it meant to live in a world where astronomy was pretty much left to the unaided eye, with no mathematical model that explains the observations of movement of the stars and planets.