As of 2008, corn-fed cattle are the norm. While most cattle still begin their lives grazing on grass, the vast majority - an estimated three-quarters of them, are “finished,” or fattened for market, in feedlots. There, they spend three to six months (and most of their lives are only 11 months long in total) eating a diet composed of 70 to 90 percent corn. - U.S. Department of Agriculture. Of course, corn makes them sick, and this is why they are pumped full of antibiotics, and health officials are concerned that this is leading to problems such as antibiotic resistance in humans, as well as early puberty and early menopause.
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Sufjon
Corn fed cattle are not the norm. “Grain fed” cattle are the norm when it comes to feeders only, and their feed is composed of many things, not just corn nowadays. And the feeding period is 80-120 days now. I don’t doubt it was longer in the past when grain was cheap, and undoubtedly a lot more corn was used previously. The “backgrounding” industry grew up to fill the gaps that existed between pasture and feed lot, but most “backgrounding” is done on wheat fields while the wheat is still just grass. Most feeders are slaughtered at 16 months, not 11, but it can go higher than 16, all the way to 30. It isn’t done by age, particularly, but by physiognomy, and there is a lot of breed variation.
“Feeders” are young steers and some heifers, almost exclusively of beef breeds that have not been fed grain. “Live cattle”, whether fed grain or not, are those that are ready for slaughter. Milking breed steers and heifers are not desirable feeders and are usually slaughtered without grain feeding.
If you look at feeder prices and live cattle prices, you will see that the prices/lb for heavy feeders is very little different from that of live cattle. The heavy feeders do go to feed lots, though not all do. The light feeders go to backgrounders. The reason for all of this, and it was once absolutely not the case, is that more and more feeders are sold “heavy” to the feed lots, meaning they spend a larger percentage of their lives on grass than previously.
Prices reflect that. Prices for “heavies” are much closer to those of lightweights now, as feed lots “upstream” the cost of gain back to the ranchers. If the ranchers have enough grass, both win.
All grain feeding of feeders is done to induce “marbling” in the meat. That is popular in the U.S., not so in other countries. Australians, for example, prefer fully grass-fed, as do I. In my opinion, Americans aren’t doing themselves a favor by wanting heavy “marbling”, because “marbling” is nothing but fat. Grass-fed is expensive simply because it isn’t “mainstream” in the U.S. The industry isn’t geared to it. But a person who wants it can, with a little effort, buy it “on the hoof” from a rancher and have it butchered in one of the family-owned processors that dot the countryside. I personally prefer grass-fed. The most flavorful beef of all, in my opinion, is that of a yearling bull.
You did not cite your USDA source for the assertion that 70-90% of feeder rations are corn. Presumably you will post it. I find it very difficult to accept, since corn itself is low in protein and is not a good main dietary ingredient for that reason, in addition to its relative indigestibility. If, when you say “corn” you include brewers/distillers’ grain, you might be right, though i doubt even that’s the case anymore. Brewers’/distillers’ grain is much higher in protein as a percentage because the sugars and starches have been largely removed in the distilling process. I personally go to feed mills regularly, and they sure don’t put much actual corn in anything. Most feed preparations contain none at all. I will grant that there is a lot of corn silage being fed. But the actual grain corn in corn silage isn’t all that big a part of the whole. Most of the nutrition (and certainly most of the protein) comes from the fermentation which unlocks the nutrients that are otherwise locked in stalk and leaf cellulose. Corn is, after all, just a grass, and that’s mainly what corn silage is.
Now, if it is your point that corn in all its forms and by products, including corn silage and distiller’s grain, are inherently harmful, then it has to be granted that corn is one of the big ingredients in cattle feed, but not the only one, and by weight not the largest one.
But, as yet, you have not provided reputable scientific sources establishing that corn is inherently harmful to humans or animals, either one. Possibly you will.