Let’s sort through the language here. I can see that some posters have tried to do this. The Eucharistic Minister is the person who consecrates. That is always a priest. I know that some people mentioned bishops. Technically, the bishop consecrates because he’s a priest. The Order of Bishop brings other sacramental powers. The power to consecrate is not one of them. He received that when he was ordained to the Order of Presbyter.
The person who distributes communion is properly called the Minister of Holy Communion. In the Roman Church the ordinary ministers of Holy Communion are those who are ordained. In the Oriental Churches it varies. In some, the deacons are and in others they are not. However, in the Roman Church, all three orders are ordinary ministers.
Those who are not ordained are extraordinary ministers of Holy Communion. They are not Eucharistic Ministers. That term came into existence because of our tendency to find the shortest way to say things. Notice how we often say “religious priests” for priests who are also religious. How many people go around saying that Fr. Mitch Pacwa is a priest and a religious? How many want to say that Fr. Benedict G. is a brother and a priest? People take shortcuts. They say that he’s a Jesuit priest or a Franciscan priest. These titles are canonically wrong. You’re a Jesuit AND a priest. We have done the same with the EMHC.
What many people do not know is how the secular man and woman were allowed to be EMHC. There was an ancient custom in religious houses, especially houses of religious brothers and monasteries of nuns. In these houses, the superior appointed a religious to bring Holy Communion to the sick religious. The religious who were assigned to this ministry were not ordained.
Until the code of 1983 was written, those religious who were not ordained were considered to belong to the “lay state”. However, they were not seculars. Seculars were people who did not belong to a religious community, such as diocesan deacons, priests, bishops and popes. After the new code was promulgated, following the guidance of Vatican II, a distinction was made. Those who belong to religious communities are not properly lay men or lay women. They are religious or consecrated men and women. However, to avoid the confusion, the new code explained that there can be clerics who are also consecrated religious. The new wording called for two definitions of the word “lay”. The first definition means those who are not ordained. The second definition means those who are not religious. Mrs. White is neither religious nor ordained. Therefore, Mrs. White is a lay woman, not a lay religious. Fr. Jack is not in vows, but he is ordained. Fr. Jack is a cleric, not a lay man. But he is a secular man, not a consecrated man, because he does not belong to a religious community.
Looking back, since there were people who were canonically lay who had distributed communion to the sick for centuries, even though they were not lay men or lay women, there was no theological reason why a others who are also canonically lay could not be ministers of Holy Communion in extraordinary situations. That’s how the term Extraordinary Ministers of Holy Communion was coined. What the Church did was to extend a practice from the religious house to the local parish. The Vatican authorized bishops to determine what constitutes an extraordinary situation, just as religious superiors had done in their own houses for centuries.
The difference between the Extraordinary Ministers in the religious houses and those in the parish are two: 1) the religious are consecrated, therefore not secular and 2) the secular laity may be married, where as the lay religious is always celibate. Nonetheless, celibacy did not play any part in the decision to allow religious to take communion to their sick brothers or sisters. It was an act of charity. The same applies to the EMHC in the parish who takes communion to the sick or helps at mass when there is a need. It’s an act of charity.
Fraternally,
Br. JR, OSF
