Remember the Evangelist wrote that WATER and BLOOD flowed from the side of Christ when the spear pierced it. Yet they had no knowledge or understanding about what happens to human blood when the person dies! What have our sciences shown us?
Actually quite a bit about that particular instance.
Anatomists have looked at the description of the spear thrust and it transects the final lymph duct and then the right side of the heart. Lymph poured out and then blood. That tends to corroborate the witness testimony.
Which makes an interesting point. Doctrine based on the New Testament (Gospel) tends to eminently provable up to the resurrection which must be accepted as faith and trust in the witness of the apostles. The Old Testament is where there is ongoing trouble. It begs the question that making doctrine based on ancient writings is not a fruitful policy.
I think that cosmology has no problem at all proving heliocentrism where the earth is concerned even though Flat Earthers still maintain that the pictures from Space are simply made up images and short of kidnapping them and hauling them up to the moon they can maintain that view in perpetuity. We now have space craft that are being sent above the plane of the ecliptic which no one doubts will reveal a heliocentric solar system
A careful reading in the website I posted about the Galileo incidence shows it is not about the science. here again is the study of a process and finding where the flaws were in the process.
“The complex tale that is the Galileo affair cautions us not to make simplistic judgments. Nevertheless, it remains the case that the question of whether or not Galileo had any proof for Copernicanism was never at issue—in 1616 or in 1633. The very possibility of any demonstration was excluded in principle by Bellarmine’s doctrinal position and its adoption by an authoritarian Church. The trial and abjuration of Galileo thus represented an “institutionalised abuse of power which can never be sufficiently deprecated” (ibid), in which the societal position of the Church was used to dictate the correct understanding of an issue that was never considered on its own terms. Allowing the enmity of some philosophers to provoke a theological confrontation when there was only a physical argument at issue, the machinery of the Holy Office was turned against Galileo and fell into the very error he and Augustine before him had warned against.”
This is the position of the writer, Paul Newell" and in a very lengthy and thoroughly documented treatise he proves that case.
Considering my previous statement about a stainless steel-teflon coated wall around doctrine, all the mistakes made by the specific Church group in the Galileo affair are seen almost Deja Vu here in this thread. If the Church does not learn from history then it is practical for science to not make the same mistakes.
Now Seeking catholic has asserted that science can by observation and diacritical analysis come close enough to truth to make it a moral certainty. When science arrives at a certain point where what is observed is at a moral certainty the Church can accept it or reject it. Both are options that cannot be taken away from the Church. However, if the Church refuses to accept the conclusions of science that is done well and done in sincere search then it ends up being wrong and no other defense of science is needed.
Studying history (of which the Old Testament does have a fair bit of) suggests that God makes sure that old mistakes are harder to repeat. In the Galileo case, He insulates Science from the Church by influencing the rise of secular nations that become a necessary insulator between the Church who shows arrogance in its temporal power and the individual citizen. In history the Church views this separation of Church and State as a failure of man to admit the preeminence of the Church while God may see it as simply the way to keep the dialog free and continuing. Now I don’t claim any “ex-cathedra” truth here. I and noting a not so subtle change in man’s historical condition and connecting dots. Science begins to come of age and begins the systematic discovery of natural truth. Since it imperative that this progress not be hampered God protects the process through the enlightenment and the rise of secular conditions that do not destroy the Church but limit it to dialog and remove the physical enforcement of its point of view.
David Penney points out that the work of Louis Pasteur, proving that spontaneous generation could not happen would have been deemed heretical in the 15th century since it put a well defined limit on God’s “perceived right” to create continuously. Had he done these experiments in the 15th century we might well be studying the “Pasteur” affair as well as the Galileo affair. The erection of the Church/State wall insured that his experiments be judged on scientific merit only and if there were any behind the Vatican wall who viewed his work as heretical they had no options to bring a physical halt to it.
I think it is healthy to have conditions where science and the Church have built in protections so that they can dialog or ignore but neither can prosecute or persecute. If someone “turns me into the Bishop for spreading scandal” I will not end up in a papal prison. Church can demolish my arguments by logic, they can ignore my arguments or they can consider my arguments but the option to silence the argument is long gone. It would seem to me that God has produced a real situation where questions must be grappled with rather than simply swept under the rug by fundamentalists on either side.