linus:
There is what is called “rightly dividing the word of truth” (2 Tim. 2:15, KJV), or, "handling accurately the word of truth (NASB).
You’re right! Catholics realize that the Scriptures are a Living Word, and that not
everything is to be taken literally all the time. In fact, it is far more often than not
Protestants whom say that we must take the words of Scripture as completely literal in all cases (although, even as they profess this as their belief, they so often choose to interpret passages literally when it fits their beliefs…)
I haven’t sold away everything I own, for one because St. Paul told me that if I don’t support my family I am worse than an unbeliever (1 Timothy 5:8).
However, the distinction you are making is
completely different from a literal vs. a figurative interpretation. You are trying to determine a false dichotomy not between literalism and figuratism, but between words Jesus spoke relative to the Old Covenant and those spoken relative to the New Covenant. It is
hardly the case that every word Jesus spoke before His resurrection was applicable to the Old Covenant.
Some were, no doubt! Clearly when He told people to listen to the Words of the Pharisees, He was speaking of something under the Old Covenant.
We can’t however discount every word Jesus spoke in the gospels as being relative only to the Old Covenant. If we did that, we’d only have a few meager words of our Lord that are actually applicable to us today. Further, if God made sure the Bible was together correctly for us, and not the Catholic Church, as Protestants claim, He would have had no reason to give us 4 gospels full of words that mean nothing to us. If anything, this could present the very confusion that is happening here: two people with different views on whic word of Jesus to follow.
We know, therefore, that this isn’t what God did. We are still left, however, with the problem of how to know when Jesus was speaking relavent to the New Covenant. In fact, St. Peter tells us this, in 2 Peter 3:16 when he says that Paul’s letters, and all of Scripture, are hard to understand. In fact, he tells us we must be taught or else “twist” the Scriptures to our own “destruction.” Surely Jesus would not have left us without an authority to teach us!
The fact is He didn’t. He left us the Catholic Church. By the Catholic Church we know which words of Jesus are applicable for us, because He left the Church to teach us.
Let’s assume that most of Jesus’ gospel sayings were for the Old Covenant for a moment. After His resurrection, He spent 40 days teaching the Apostles even
more than He had taught before His crucifixion (Acts 1:3). Would Jesus have left us a deposit of faith which contained the Old Covenant teachings of Jesus but not the New Covenant Teachings? God forbid! He left that deposit of faith to the Apostles, whom passed it to the whole Body of Christ and down to their successors. This is how we know the truths. This 40 days worth of teaching is something
only the Catholic Church has. Protestants have bits and pieces of it in the form of the Epistles in which questions are answered, but
only the Catholic Church has these teachings. It is by
these teachings that we know which of the gospel teachings are Old Covenant, like listening to the Pharisees, and are new, like the commands of Jesus in Matthew 19:18.
Furthermore in Matthew, the commandments Jesus gives are in response to a question about
eternal life. He even says, “If you want to inherit eternal life…” Since nobody can inheirt eternal life through the Old Covenant, Jesus
MUST be referring to the New Covenant. Paul himself teaches the same truths time and time again.
So Linus, I ask you: without the Catholic Church to teach authoritatively, how do you know for sure which things Jesus said are for the sake of the Old Covenant Jews He was living with, and which were for those who entered into the New Covenant? Further, without the Church, how do you know for sure which of His words are literal and which are figurative? Lastly, how can you proclaim any teaching of Christ to be literal or figurative without presenting yourself as infallible, the very thing you deny for the entire Catholic Church?