What Do You Think Of Emmanuel's Wager©?

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This is correct. It should be noted that even Plato, who was not a Catholic, believed that atheism was an insult to whatever deities do exist.

Pensees is not just about the wager, but also about which religion best satisfies the requirement of belief. Anyone who has not read all of the Pensees might think Pascal’s religion was a crude form of roulette.

I don’t think Pascal, who invented the first calculator, would have been impressed with AI as the definition of God.
I didn’t say the AI was God. I’m not saying there should be a religion dedicated to the AI. The AI is an AI, invented by humans. It could resurrect you and torture you with totally natural means for not helping invent it.

Sure, most religions are inherently contradictory, so Pascal’s wager can’t compel us to follow them all. It stands to reason that we would have to make some selection from among them. However, the AI issue is not a religious one. You can be Catholic and still donate to AI research.
 
If we assume that there is no starting point, then we can never agree on the distance between 2 integers.

For we have no mutual reference, no?

So if we assume that there is a starting point, then, well, infinite regression fails because, then we will never reach the point of the present.
This seems to me to be not even wrong. Consider the set of real numbers. It is uncountably infinite. There is no least value (read: no starting point.) There is no greatest value (read: no ending point.) The distance between any two real numbers is well defined and finite for any two real numbers.

You seem to be hinting at wanting a starting point for an induction basis. I suggest you read about Hilbert’s Grand Hotel. Note that the case of our existence is not analogous to the cigar mystery: we have an induction basis in the fact that we currently exist.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hilbert’s_paradox_of_the_Grand_Hotel
 

  1. Pascal’s wager is fundamentally about the outcomes, about gain and loss. It assumes we can’t *know *at the beginning if your Jesus-God even exists. Pascal’s wager is compelling not because of some property of the God involved, but because of the belief-outcomes. It’s the same with Emmanuel’s Wager.
    I will also point out that an AI-wager may not be incompatible with a God-wager. That is to say you could be compelled by both at the same time.

    Pascal’s wager assumes a Christian God. Yes, it is not primarily about the nature of God, but this is an underlying assumption. And, as at least one other poster has mentioned, you are taking the wager out of its more spiritual context. Pascal’s wager isn’t just about outcomes, there are a lot of other underlying assumptions. Now, you want to discuss simply the wager component abstractly, that’s fine- but then it isn’t Pascal’s work, but a component of it.

    Honestly, have you read the Pensees in its entirety, or did you simply pick the wager out of some random site?

    What I am saying, again, is that I do not think the argument/wager is sufficient to bring anybody to God, and I think its unfair to characterize Pascal’s Pensees as simply a crude wager argument, without the rest of the context and content.
    Firstly, just to clarify for JapaneseKappa: He’s not equating an AI with God, he’s just pointing out how crude wager-style arguments are. Pursuing truth should be good enough. Any being who prefers his creations gamble rather than earnestly pursue truth, wherever that happens to lead them, is no being I would care to worship.
    What being is that, Oreoracle? This is Pascal’s wager, not Jesus’ wager or God’s wager. God wants you to pursue truth and goodness. He has written in your heart the basic laws. But he also left you a church to correct any possible errors from sin.
    The definition of “agnostic” you’re using is an impossibility. One either believes or they do not.
    Well then take it up with the New Oxford American Dictionary.
    Clearly there is no middle ground. A person who says they “don’t claim faith or disbelief with respect to someone’s winning” really means that they don’t believe they will win. It’s just a more polite way of saying the same thing.
    Clearly there is no middle ground for you, subjectively.

    In fact, I have several unchecked lottery tickets in front of me. I don’t know if they’re winning tickets. I think they’re probably not, because I know that my chances aren’t good, but I really don’t know, which is why I am going to check them before they expire. If I really thought I had a winning ticket, I’d be celebrating. If I was convinced they were not winning tickets, I wouldn’t bother to check them. I am truly agnostic as to their winning status. That doesn’t mean I believe I have an equal chance for both. I lean towards the idea that they are NOT winning tickets, but if I thought they could not possibly be winning tickets, I wouldn’t have bought them in the first place!

    Similarly, some agnostics lean more towards the possibility of God, while some are more doubtful, but all agnostics are honest in saying “I don’t know”. Not only is this not an “impossibility”, but it was exactly my position for most of my adult life. It was not any kind of “polite way” of calling myself an atheist, which I have never been. It was as truthful a position as any religious or atheist belief.
    If you don’t like the way things have been phrased, that’s fine, but this analogy perfectly captures my position. So feel free to take from the analogy that I am atheist, or agnostic, or ignostic, or whatever.
    Your position is a binary, fundamentalist one.
 
Labels are less important than the concepts they represent anyway.
Sure, but it’s counter-productive to discussion when words are being used in ways foreign to their accepted definitions. It’s simple, actually:

“Agnostic” comes from “gnōstos” meaning “known”, with the “a” prefix meaning “not”, which literally translates as “Not known” or “I don’t know”. “Atheist” comes from “theos” meaning “God” or belief in God, with the “a” prefix again meaning “not” or “no”, translating into “no God”. These are the essential definitions for these words. A gnostic says he has special knowledge about God, a theist says God exists, something atypical is not typical, an atheist says God does not exist, an agnostic says he doesn’t know.
Yes, and the worldview originally expressed in the Communist Manifesto IS the Communist position. So all of those historians conflating Leninism with Marx’s conception are barking up the wrong tree! :rolleyes:
A lot of communists would agree with you, sans sarcasm.

A better analogy is the law. For example, in the U.S. we have the Constitution. It is violated everyday. But that doesn’t change the official law of the land. We can discuss what the law is and we can discuss how it is being violated, how the members sworn to uphold it are being untrue, but that doesn’t negate the law.

Similarly, the Church has certain positions, but many Catholics are ignorant of them or simply ignore them. Many Catholics go up for communion though they are in invalid marriages or are using contraception, or whatever. That doesn’t change the church’s position.
Look, we have to work with what we’re given. If the majority of self-proclaimed Catholics claim to believe something, then I have to treat that as the Catholic position.
You can treat that as the private position of most Catholics. But you cannot treat it as the position, beliefs, dogma, or doctrine of the Catholic faith. Otherwise, what do you think the point of a central authority is? Go see other Christian denominations if you want to proceed with that line of thinking.
There is a solution to this, of course.
There is no problem to solve for anyone else. Only for you.
If the Church issued a test on its doctrine to see who genuinely agreed with it rather than being Catholic in name only, and then excommunicated those who failed, then there would be no discrepancy between those who claimed to be Catholic and those who actually held the official position. The Church, however, would have to deal with the consequences of losing the majority of its followers.
The church is in the business of saving souls and proclaiming the good news. Those Catholics who remain ignorant in their faith do so at their own peril, but the church will not abandon them or stop preaching the word. In fact, everyone is welcome at mass, even atheists. Jesus dies for all. It is true that a lot of self-proclaimed Catholics are Catholic only in name. Jesus will deal with that in time.

[BIBLEDRB]Matthew 7:23[/BIBLEDRB]

But your arguments about what “most Catholics believe” will have no bearing on the tenants of our faith. These may be errors, but they are errors of individuals (and perhaps the greater community to the extent that they have not done a good job of communicating the faith), not the faith.
Hopefully this won’t sound any more condescending than you just did, but I’m afraid you have an unsophisticated understanding of the logical consequences of omnipotence and omniscience.
If you could actually point out those apparent flaws, I would be glad to address them.
It’s not a matter of being smarter, I can just reason dispassionately about most things. Being objective eliminates a lot of potential bias.
You are not being objective. You are being fundamentalist.
This is far and away one of the best posts I have read at Catholic Answers!
Thanks, but I’m afraid I’m better at talking the talk, than walking the walk. 😉
 
Here is the Bible verse I meant to place in that blank blue rectangle (about false Christians):

Jesus said:
21“Not everyone who says to me, ‘Lord, Lord,’ will enter the kingdom of heaven, but only the one who does the will of my Father who is in heaven. 22Many will say to me on that day, ‘Lord, Lord, did we not prophesy in your name and in your name drive out demons and in your name perform many miracles?’ 23Then I will tell them plainly, ‘I never knew you. Away from me, you evildoers!’
 
Look, we have to work with what we’re given. If the majority of self-proclaimed Catholics claim to believe something, then I have to treat that as the Catholic position.
This is the most uninformed statement you have made here, Oreoracle.

If you are going to come to a Catholic forum, the very least thing you could do is have a rudimentary understanding of the teachings of the Catholic Church. And it has never been the position of the CC that the majority of folks gets to dictate what the Church professes.

To find what the Catholic position is, you need only look here: scborromeo.org/ccc/ccc_toc.htm

That is the sure norm for the Catholic Faith.

If you start going around claiming, “The Catholic Church believes that artificial birth control is absolutely fine!” you are going to lose your credibility quite quickly.
 

  1. Pascal’s wager assumes a Christian God. Yes, it is not primarily about the nature of God, but this is an underlying assumption. And, as at least one other poster has mentioned, you are taking the wager out of its more spiritual context. Pascal’s wager isn’t just about outcomes, there are a lot of other underlying assumptions. Now, you want to discuss simply the wager component abstractly, that’s fine- but then it isn’t Pascal’s work, but a component of it.

  1. Sure, there is more in the Pensees than just the wager. I don’t think the rest is relevant. What do you think are the relevant differences?
    Honestly, have you read the Pensees in its entirety, or did you simply pick the wager out of some random site?

    Clearly there is no middle ground for you, subjectively.

    In fact, I have several unchecked lottery tickets in front of me… Your position is a binary, fundamentalist one.
    gutenberg.org/files/18269/18269-h/18269-h.htm#SECTION_III
    Do not then reprove for error those who have made a choice; for you know nothing about it. “No, but I blame them for having made, not this choice, but a choice; for again both he who chooses heads and he who chooses tails are equally at fault, they are both in the wrong. The true course is not to wager at all.”
    Yes; but you must wager. It is not optional. You are embarked. Which will you choose then?
 
Sure, most religions are inherently contradictory, so Pascal’s wager can’t compel us to follow them all. It stands to reason that we would have to make some selection from among them.
Yes, and if you read more of the Pensees, you would see how Pascal narrows down the compelling choice to Christianity.
 
Sure, there is more in the Pensees than just the wager. I don’t think the rest is relevant. What do you think are the relevant differences?
I think one gets a different overall picture of the character of the wager reading the entirety of the available work. I think there is a lot of ultimately emotional backlash, often dressed up as intellectual dissent, due to it being a “wager” on one’s eternal destiny. And I think this is appropriate if that were all it was, without the larger context.

I also think the argument would be radically different if we were talking about a mere being, rather than God. All that God does is just, so whatever the outcome, we can be sure, from a Christian perspective, that is is just. So its perfectly compatible with morality. A being “resurrecting” and then torturing me would not be morally correct. It also, necessarily, could not be eternal, since the physical universe does not appear to be eternal.

Additionally, I’m not so sure both “wagers” are compatible. How moral would it be to support something just out of the fear of being unjustly punished, or even worse, knowing that others would be unjustly punished? I don’t think God would be too pleased with me then.

The issue is that the wager appears to be just this, but it is not, because God is truly just. Imagine instead a wager on leading a spiritual life: It might seem silly, limiting and take more time away from worldly pleasures, but towards the end of your life, you’ll probably be more satisfied than the overly “worldly” superficial person. You’ll probably live longer, too, moderating the kinds and amounts of food you eat, not drinking too much, etc. We choose our spiritual path and in whatever direction we are going we continue to go after physical death.

Pascal is challenging us to take a chance, give it a try, because we have nothing to lose, and the probable consequences of not trying are rather grim. But it cannot stay there. It is only an invitation, it is not where anyone should stay.

The way the wager is interpreted by many, well, it makes me feel like saying @#$% you, God! too, you can’t threaten me like this! But that’s not what’s really happening. It would be very sad and horrible if the foundation of reality was one of cruel punishment and domination. It would make me want to become an atheist too. But that is not the Catholic understanding of God, heaven and hell.
Excellent. It’s important to read things in their entirety and within their cultural and historical contexts to really understand them.
 
Pascal’s wager is premised on the assumption that you can never fully convince an atheist that God exists. There is always a “hole” somewhere in the proof the atheist can escape through. What Pascal therefore decided to do was to appeal to the self interest of the atheist. That is something that all people take to heart. No one looks forward to one of two grim possibilities: nothingness or perdition. Even the atheist, on his deathbed, might bring himself to say, “Oh well, what the hell can I lose?” and then make his sign of the cross. Whether the sign is sincere God will know.
 
Pascal’s wager is premised on the assumption that you can never fully convince an atheist that God exists. There is always a “hole” somewhere in the proof the atheist can escape through. What Pascal therefore decided to do was to appeal to the self interest of the atheist. That is something that all people take to heart. No one looks forward to one of two grim possibilities: nothingness or perdition. Even the atheist, on his deathbed, might bring himself to say, “Oh well, what the hell can I lose?” and then make his sign of the cross. Whether the sign is sincere God will know.
👍
 
Sure, there is more in the Pensees than just the wager. I don’t think the rest is relevant. What do you think are the relevant differences?
They are too numerous to list here. Suffice it to say, Pascal anticipates every objection to the Wager argument, and gives an answer to each in turn.

For example, one common objection is that, granting the need to believe in God, how would we be able to know which God we should believe in? As I’ve already pointed out, this is one of the main themes running through the Pensees. The choices Pascal discusses are the other major religions and how they compare to Christianity, and how Christianity has weathered well the storm of persecutions through the centuries.

Pascal, being a great mathematician, knew how to add and subtract the virtues and deficiencies of all the religions. Moreover, he practiced what he believed. He was a saintly man. And his great mind brought itself to a powerful conclusion: that “the heart has reasons reason cannot grasp.”
 
But they use these arguments for their particular gods, especially arguments based on personal revelation.
Let’s just talk about the so-called “God of the Philosophers”. We can talk about the God of Abraham, Issac and Jacob later.

Regarding the GofPh, where is the fault in the propositions, as argued by Aquinas et al, that this God exists?
I think the jury is still out as to whether the Big Bang wasn’t the result of a Big Crunch of a previous universe.
Point that must still be acknowledged, Oreoracle: if the Big Bang is true (and almost all astrophysicists and people who study these things admit that it probably is), then it presupposes this: the universe had a beginning.

Are we agreed on that?
 
Firstly, let me say that I have no interest in defending the definitions of “atheism” and “agnosticism” that I use. Definitions can’t be wrong, only unconventional, and I find that the conventional notion of having some “middle ground” between belief and lack of belief makes no sense. SecretCatholic apparently thinks that saying he/she doesn’t believe they will win the lottery is somehow different than disbelief or non-belief in their ability to win the lottery. I agree that believing you won’t win is different, but certainly not expecting to win is a lack of belief in winning. Have fun with your semantics.

Also, I really couldn’t care less about Pascal’s biography. The only reason I criticized him is because it was suggested that I must think I’m smarter than he to reject his wager.
If we assume that there is no starting point, then we can never agree on the distance between 2 integers.
That depends on what you mean by starting point. My point was that we don’t need to have a “first” integer in order for the notion of the distance between integers to be well-defined. Someone who acts as if we need to “reach” the relevant integers from negative infinity is incorrect. Likewise, time intervals can be well-defined without a beginning.

Before the Big Bang Theory, physicists would treat our current time as 0 and allow the time coordinate to vary throughout the real number line. If a beginning of time were logically necessary, this scheme would have been self-contradictory a priori, even before we knew of the Big Bang. Physicists would have found it necessary to say, “Oh yeah, and the time coordinate can’t assume values below this large negative number because we need a beginning.”
What being is that, Oreoracle? This is Pascal’s wager, not Jesus’ wager or God’s wager. God wants you to pursue truth and goodness. He has written in your heart the basic laws. But he also left you a church to correct any possible errors from sin.
If God doesn’t like the Wager, then the issue raised by the OP is settled: Pascal’s Wager and its variants are bad arguments because God doesn’t want his creations to gamble.
Well then take it up with the New Oxford American Dictionary.
Ah, speaking of dictionary definitions, you and PRmerger may be interested in a more representative definition of “fundamentalist”: “movement with strict view of doctrine: a religious or political movement based on a literal interpretation of and strict adherence to doctrine, especially as a return to former principles”

That was the first result that popped up. You would have to distort that definition considerably to even begin to argue that I’m a fundamentalist. My position isn’t a religious or political one, it has nothing to do with literal interpretations or adherence, and it’s not a return to former principles. It’s also not part of a movement, as the prevailing uses of the term “agnostic” are tending toward the nonsensical, quite contrary to the version I propose, which reflects its actual usage better

Anyway, I think it’s adorable that the religious have found a way to spin “fundamentalist” so they can use it as a weapon. Though I think you might have more luck embracing the label rather than reversing its meaning. It worked for the gays and blacks! 😃
I think they’re probably not [winning lottery tickets]
You are going to have to explain to the class why that isn’t a case of non-belief.

Again, conceding a small amount of uncertainty does nothing to change your overall status of non-belief. People who buy insurance in case their houses burn down don’t believe that their houses will burn. It is completely fair to classify that as non-belief.
This is the most uninformed statement you have made here, Oreoracle.

If you are going to come to a Catholic forum, the very least thing you could do is have a rudimentary understanding of the teachings of the Catholic Church. And it has never been the position of the CC that the majority of folks gets to dictate what the Church professes.
Once the Church puts its foot down and says, “People who don’t believe X, Y, and Z aren’t Catholics” then I will be thrilled. Until then, if the Church is going to say it has over a billion members then I take it that those members hold at least the necessary beliefs to be Catholic. Otherwise the Church would be (le gasp) lying. :eek:

That doesn’t mean they have to close the doors on those people. You will just not be an official member until you hold the official stance. That’s only honest, no?
 
Once the Church puts its foot down and says, “People who don’t believe X, Y, and Z aren’t Catholics” then I will be thrilled. Until then, if the Church is going to say it has over a billion members then I take it that those members hold at least the necessary beliefs to be Catholic. Otherwise the Church would be (le gasp) lying. :eek:
As you wish.

However, I suggest that you don’t go to a forum where you want to be respected and mention, “The Catholic Church teaches that it’s absolutely fine to live together before marriage!”

And if you want to be seen as intelligent, when you are at the next cocktail party, I wouldn’t advocate casually announcing, “I know what the Catholic Church teaches, and the teaching that Eucharist is only symbolic is one of those teachings!”

But, it’s up to you.

Maybe if you mention that you are an atheist that might make people think, “Oh, that’s why he is clearly clueless about the Catholic Church.”
 
Firstly, let me say that I have no interest in defending the definitions of “atheism” and “agnosticism” that I use. Definitions can’t be wrong, only unconventional,
Really?

So if your daughter decides to say, “I now define this to be a circle!” you’re going to let her go through the rest of her life calling this a circle?

(Please Note: This uploaded content is no longer available.)

Really? She can define any word in any way she wants to, and she will never be wrong, just “unconventional”?

Do you think that will work when she tries to build a bridge as an engineer (assuming she even makes it out of grade school making up her own definitions) and doesn’t follow the convention definitions of geometry?
 
Ah, speaking of dictionary definitions, you and PRmerger may be interested in a more representative definition of “fundamentalist”: “movement with strict view of doctrine: a religious or political movement based on a literal interpretation of and strict adherence to doctrine, especially as a return to former principles”

That was the first result that popped up. You would have to distort that definition considerably to even begin to argue that I’m a fundamentalist.
Have you ever heard of “free market fundamentalism”?

Do you think the free market is a political movement?
Anyway, I think it’s adorable that the religious have found a way to spin “fundamentalist” so they can use it as a weapon.
I am bemused by the power you think “the religious” have in influencing the internet.

Do you think we were able to hit all of those 275,000 sites and scare them into using our word, when, according to you, it only applies to religious and political movements?

At any rate, a fundamentalist is anyone who is recusant to reason.

I suggest that you, er, dispassionately look at this paradigm: the ONLY way to evaluate all things in our world is DISPASSIONATELY.

If you can see that the above is too insular, parochial and as absurd as saying, “The ONLY way to reach truth is through GEOMETRY ALONE”, then I release you from that fundamentalist label you have so bristled at.

Otherwise, you will indeed fit the bill as a person recusant to reason. :sad_yes:
 
I find that the conventional notion of having some “middle ground” between belief and lack of belief makes no sense. SecretCatholic apparently thinks that saying he/she doesn’t believe they will win the lottery is somehow different than disbelief or non-belief in their ability to win the lottery. I agree that believing you won’t win is different, but certainly not expecting to win is a lack of belief in winning. Have fun with your semantics.
It’s not semantics. There really is a difference between believing that something is true, believing that something is untrue and simply not knowing. It is truly beyond me how you do not see that.
If God doesn’t like the Wager, then the issue raised by the OP is settled: Pascal’s Wager and its variants are bad arguments because God doesn’t want his creations to gamble.
God wants us to think and find truth. If Pascal’s Wager leads to that, then I figure God is fine with that.
Ah, speaking of dictionary definitions, you and PRmerger may be interested in a more representative definition of “fundamentalist”: “movement with strict view of doctrine: a religious or political movement based on a literal interpretation of and strict adherence to doctrine, especially as a return to former principles”
Fundamentalism is marked by strict, limited, literalistic interpretations and circular reasoning, such as you have shown in this thread. That is what is meant. Perhaps a more accurate term would be “fundamentalist-like”.
Anyway, I think it’s adorable that the religious have found a way to spin “fundamentalist” so they can use it as a weapon.
What I don’t think it adorable is the way that you have closed yourself off to other possibilities.
You are going to have to explain to the class why that isn’t a case of non-belief.
Again, conceding a small amount of uncertainty does nothing to change your overall status of non-belief. People who buy insurance in case their houses burn down don’t believe that their houses will burn. It is completely fair to classify that as non-belief.
If the only reason to buy insurance is to insure your home in case of a fire, and you do not believe that this can or will happen, you do not buy insurance. Buying insurance in this case means you really believe it does and can happen to you. This is a far cry from non-belief.

Now, we can imagine a home owner who buys insurance “just because”, to “play it safe” even though he finds it highly unlikely (maybe the insurance is really cheap, or he is deathly afraid of the economic damage a fire might produce). You could argue that this is practically non-belief. It is an “I don’t know”, but with a “its probably not true.”

But on the other hand, another home owner buys insurance because it happened to his neighbor and a lot of houses have burned this summer and he thinks its a strong possibility it will happen to his home soon. This is also an “I don’t know” as above, but with an additional “but it is probably true”.

On the other hand, the non-believer in home fires will simply not get home insurance. He just doesn’t believe that home fires can happen. period. He’s heard some stories about them, but skeptically discounts them as myth. He doesn’t look up home insurance quotes or buy fire-retardant furniture. Because to him, it’s all non-sense.

Aside from this limited analogy, is it really so difficult to believe that a person can declare “I don’t know” and mean it honestly, regardless of what level of certainty he might or might not have day to day? Scientists do this all the time.
Once the Church puts its foot down and says, “People who don’t believe X, Y, and Z aren’t Catholics” then I will be thrilled. Until then, if the Church is going to say it has over a billion members then I take it that those members hold at least the necessary beliefs to be Catholic. Otherwise the Church would be (le gasp) lying. :eek:
Then you’ll have to find your thrills elsewhere.

It doesn’t make a difference as to how many members the church says it has unless those people actually act according to Catholic beliefs. The same is true for just about any group. Most don’t make their members take a test to prove their membership.

The Church has compiled her core beliefs in a very readable, accessible work called the Catholic Catechism, which is available in any Catholic bookstore, church or free online. Adults that come into the church normally go through a process (RCIA) in which they are taught the Catholic beliefs and given the Catechism to read and study. Children are supposed to be instructed in the faith not only by their pastors but by their parents and Godparents.

As an adult, ultimately, it is your responsibility to make up your mind if you’re Catholic or not. If you’re baptized Catholic its assumed you are unless you say otherwise. This is not a lie or a deception, as you wish to make it out to be.
That doesn’t mean they have to close the doors on those people. You will just not be an official member until you hold the official stance. That’s only honest, no?
So you’re not Catholic or even religious, but you want to dictate how the church functions? In olden times the church did not in fact allow outsiders into mass, unless you were baptized (usually in the nude) and committed to the principles of the church.

While it certainly solved some issues, it had a few of its own, and ultimately the church decided to open its doors to everybody and count as Catholics those who proclaim to be so.
 
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