For example, the Traditional definition of the Church is “The Church of Jesus Christ is the Catholic Church.” In other words, there is only one ark of Salvation.
Does not the new catechism describe the “Church of Jesus Christ” as “subsisting in the Catholic Church?”
One can read the Traditional understanding into this new definition, certainly and rightly so.
However, in practice isn’t this new definition sometimes used to dissuade those who seek formal entrance into the Catholic Church, the Church of Jesus Christ, as not necessary by well-meaning but misguided Priests who counsel some such as these that God uses even protestant communities as vehicles of Salvation?
Just as a point of reference, the Church came out and said that
subsistit in and
est are not opposed to one another in the 2007 document
Responsa ad quaestiones, Q. 3:
Why was the expression subsists in adopted instead of the simple word is?
The use of this expression, which indicates the full identity of the Church of Christ with the Catholic Church, does not change the doctrine on the Church. Rather, it comes from and brings out more clearly the fact that there are “numerous elements of sanctification and of truth” which are found outside her structure, but which “as gifts properly belonging to the Church of Christ, impel towards Catholic Unity”.
The CDF’s commentary note on this document says, for this particular question and answer:It is precisely this change of terminology in the description of the relationship between the Church of Christ and the Catholic Church which has given rise to the most varied interpretations, above all in the field of ecumenism. In reality, the Council Fathers simply intended to recognise the presence of ecclesial elements proper to the Church of Christ in the non-Catholic Christian communities.
It does not follow that the identification of the Church of Christ with the Catholic Church no longer holds, nor that outside the Catholic Church there is a complete absence of ecclesial elements, a “churchless void”. What it does mean is that if the expression “
subsistit in” is considered in its true context, namely in reference to the Church of Christ “constituted and organised in this world as a society… governed by the successor of Peter and by the Bishops in communion with him”, then
the change from est to subsistit in takes on no particular theological significance of discontinuity with previously held Catholic doctrine.
In fact, precisely because the Church willed by Christ actually continues to exist (subsistit in) in the Catholic Church, this continuity of subsistence implies an essential identity between the Church of Christ and the Catholic Church. The Council wished to teach that we encounter the Church of Jesus Christ as a concrete historical subject in the Catholic Church. The idea, therefore, that subsistence can somehow be multiplied does not express what was intended by the choice of the term “
subsistit”. In choosing the word “
subsistit” the Council intended to express the singularity and non “
multipliability” of the Church of Christ: the Church exists as a unique historical reality.
Contrary to many unfounded interpretations, therefore, the change from “est” to “subsistit” does not signify that the Catholic Church has ceased to regard herself as the one true Church of Christ. Rather it simply signifies a greater openness to the ecumenical desire to recognise truly ecclesial characteristics and dimensions in the Christian communities not in full communion with the Catholic Church, on account of the “
plura elementa sanctificationis et veritatis” present in them. Consequently, although there is only one Church which “subsists” in one unique historical subject there are true ecclesial realities which exist beyond its visible boundaries.
See also Pope Paul VI’s
Ecclesiam Suam (his first encyclical, during Vatican II,
before the promulgation of
Lumen Gentium); and the CDF’s
Mysterium Ecclesiae of 1973.