My views on this have changed dramatically over the last 15 years or so. I used to believe what you wear to Mass does not matter. I stand before God, not man, and all that. God doesn’t care if I am in jeans or a dress.
Perhaps because I have been attending different Churches and/or because I am older, I am changing this view a little bit. It is a bit like the argument for uniforms in schools (Catholic I thought…). There is a shared tradition in the Church that goes back for centuries, Catholic/Orthodox/Protestant. Women wear dresses, skirts, head coverings. Vatican II is really the first major shift from this in the history of the Church anywhere in the world, combined with an increasingly modern focus for many Churchgoers.
I now believe that commitment to more traditional dress in Church is not pharisaical. It is participation in the tradition of the community of the Church. You don’t do it for God. You do it out of respect for the community you are in. It is a gesture of assent, participation. Directed to the Church and God. Frankly it takes a lot of work and humility. (at least for me)
I do suspect this is easier for a middle aged or older woman - good luck telling all this to a younger woman. It should not be forced; it should be discovered, freely adopted. And, no, I don’t think God rejects participation of those in jeans or shorts or halter tops. It is usually an innocent (i.e., completely uninformed) lack of respect, pride, sloth, misguided independence, whatever. Not a big deal. But we can do better. What you wear should not be your main focus in Church. I am still on the more casual side, believe me. Hope I always will be. Agreed there is pride going the other way too, no question. Just because you are in a suit and hat does not a good Christian make, ladies.