My father, who was in an artillery unit in the South Pacific, made a verry short comment to me one day: there are no atheists in a foxhole.
WW2, whether it was the fact that we had been struck by the Japanese in Pearl Harbor, the loss of ships in the Atlantic to German subs, the serious precarious position we were in throughout the Pacific, or the general unpreparedness for war we were in when it hit us left everyone with concerns that we were “next”. And once we entered the war, the constant loss of life to our soldiers brought the reality to every city, town and village.
Those of us who were born after the war (I was, in 1946) knew something of the fear that pervaded the country; but only in hindsight. It truly was a “come to Jesus” event.
And what seems to be little known among Catholics is that the drop off, which started somewhere around 1957-1958 wasn’t just among the Catholic Church and members. That same drop off in Mass attendance was paralleled through the mainline Protestant churches; attendance started dropping off in all of them at about the same pace as with Catholics. For those who blame Vatican 2, they have to answer how Vatican 2 managed to impact all the Protestants the same way. Hint: it wasn’t Vatican 2.
Undoubtedly, the Pill had a good deal to do with dwindling attendance (as was predicted by what I think the most prophetic document of my lifetime - Humanae Vitae).
The Church was long overdue to a change in view; a change from a minimalist sense of morality to a morality that was based on Gospel terms. What do I mean? I had a class in my senior year of high scholl which was centered, but not exclusively, on marriage and family. at one point, the teacher (a priest) lamented to me that high school students just didn’t get it, by the yearly question about dating: “Father, how far can I go before I go to far?” that is a prime example of minimalist morality. another is “How late can I be getting to Mass, and how long must I stay to fulfill my obligation”.
A gospel view of morality is based on the Beatitudes. And many mainline Catholics were not ready for that; they were taught largely to pray, pay and obey; and as long as they went to Mass on Sunday and “didn’t go too far” in whatever sin, they considered they did all they needed to. The Catholic press was filled with devotional reading, but recious little was available to the common reader in theology.
The sexual revolution did not start in California in the 1960’s - it started among the secular world in the late 1800’s, progressed in the Roaring 20’s, and exploded in the 1960’s after Heffner started producing pornography. The wide availability of the Pill, along with my generation who went to college where they were introduced to secularism, the breakdown continued in force, and from there it was off to the races.