Hi wanstronian,
I don’t have a personal axe to grind against Dawkins. He’s certainly a man of intelligence, and I think he’s a brilliant biologist. However, I don’t think he has carefully researched what Christian philosophers have argued. Regarding the cosmological argument, Dawkins writes (pp. 101-102):
“[Thomas Aquinas’ arguments] make the entirely unwarrented assumption that God himself is immune to the regress.”
What Dawkins misunderstands about Thomas’ arguments (specifically, the Second Way) is that the argument does not state that everything has a cause, but rather that
every dependent entity has a cause. Imagine a house without a foundation. It would collapse. The same thing would happen if everything is dependent on something else. As it is, a first cause (one that is self-existent, and not dependent) is needed in order for dependent causes to cause anything.
Dawkins continues: “Even if we allow the dubious luxury of arbitrarily conjuring up a terminator to an infinite regress . . .”
Notice that Dawkins overlooks that Thomas, in the first book of the
Summa Contra Gentiles, gives three independent arguments that there cannot be an infinite regress. If Dawkins is skeptical about the claim that there can be no infinite regress, I find it odd that he doesn’t address any of the relevant arguments.
“. . . there is absolutely no reason to endow that terminator with any of the properties normally ascribed to God: omnipotence, omniscience, goodness . . .”
At this point, one would expect him to address some of the many reasons that Thomas gives for coming to the conclusion that the first cause possesses divine attributes. However, Dawkins doesn’t do so, which I find unfortunate.
Finally, he writes, “To return to the infinite regress and the futility of invoking God to terminate it, it is more parsimonious to conjure up, say, a ‘big bang singularity’, or some other physical concept as yet unknown.”
Besides the big bang singularity being literally a point in which no physical space, time, matter or energy exists, it is clear that Dawkins misinterprets Thomas as giving an argument about the nature of time. Thomas’ first cause is not necessarily temporal in nature, but is simply first in a hierarchy of simultaneous causes. Think of the house’s foundation again. At this very moment in time, the foundation is holding up the rest of the structure. This is the kind of regress that Thomas denies can be infinite. So, the idea of a big bang singularity isn’t pertinent to the Thomistic cosmological argument, which is what Dawkins was apparently arguing against.
Again, I’m not making any claim about Dawkins as a person. I just don’t think his reasons for atheism are at all persuasive, and his take on the cosmological argument is just one issue.
By the way, welcome to the forum!
