Frustrated? Who, me?
Certainly!
To begin with, I think that the translation you cite is not a particularly good one. I know that the “God’s Word” translation renders it in this way, and the NIV does something similar (“and your Father, who sees what is done in secret, will reward you”). Yet, most versions do not make the leap of ascribing the actions of the fasting person as actions done ‘in secret’; for example, the KJV gives “and thy Father, which seeth in secret, shall reward thee”. On the Catholic side of things, the RSV-CE offers “and your Father who sees in secret will reward you”, while the NAB gives us “[a]nd your Father who sees what is hidden will repay you.”
So, the first insight here, I think, is that a translation that places ‘you’ as the object of what the Father sees in secret, is a translation that’s suspect. But, if that’s my claim, then I should be able to support it not just by pointing to a multiplicity of translations; rather, there should be good cause in the original for my claim.
In Greek (here, I’m quoting the Nestle GNT) we have
καὶ ὁ Πατήρ σου ὁ βλέπων ἐν τῷ κρυφαίῳ ἀποδώσει σοι. This breaks down as follows:
καὶ ὁ Πατήρ σου (“and your Father”)
ὁ βλέπων (“the one who sees”)
ἐν τῷ κρυφαίῳ (“in secret”)
ἀποδώσει σοι (“will reward you”)
So, when we look at the Greek, we see that the main clause is “your Father will reward you”, and the only reference to ‘secret’ is a reference that describes ‘your Father’ – he’s ‘the one who sees in secret.’ Yet, doesn’t that prove your point? After all, if God the Father is explicitly referenced as seeing in secret, doesn’t this naturally imply that the reason He sees you is that you’re acting in secret?
I don’t think so; the reference to ‘in secret’ looks backward and towards God, not forward and towards those who fast. Again, looking at (the first half of) v.18 in the Greek:
ὅπως μὴ φανῇς τοῖς ἀνθρώποις νηστεύων ἀλλὰ τῷ Πατρί σου τῷ ἐν τῷ κρυφαίῳ
ὅπως μὴ φανῇς (“so that you might not appear”)
τοῖς ἀνθρώποις (“to people”)
νηστεύων ("(as one who is) fasting")
ἀλλὰ τῷ Πατρί σου (“but to your Father”)
τῷ (“to (the one (who is))”)
ἐν τῷ κρυφαίῳ (“in secret”)
So, the notion of being ‘secret’ refers to God – He is “in secret”. This is critical: we, as humans, only see things on their surface – we only see appearances. However, God, whose gaze penetrates the surface, knows all things.
As we move from this first half of the verse to the second half (beginning “your Father who sees…”), we understand what is being said here: God sees our intentions, and His view is not limited to surface appearances. So, when we do not put on the appearance of fasting, He sees our intent, and rewards us for not being vapid, appearance-only Christians.
Does this mean that we are being told to fast in secret? No; rather, we’re being told not to be people who are interested only in appearances. That’s a far cry from instructing us to ‘fast in secret’.