Which Biblical Stories are Historical, Miraculous, and Unexplainable by Science?

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Jesus Christ actualy, literaly, and factually rose from the dead.
Did anyone here deny that?
Anyone who chooses not to believe that will get to actualy, literally, and factually reside in Hell forever where Jesus says “there will be weeping and gnashing of teeth.”!
Did someone here say they didn’t believe this? I did say that it was primarily a matter of faith since there is so little evidence - is that what this is referring to?
 
LOL…Two people who agree that “only God can judge” and then both go right back to judging…too funny.
No judgement here. Glad I’m not in God’s shoes. I’d blow the whole lot of us to smithereens. Nope, not judging. Not my job. Thanks be to God for that. 😛
 
To be sure, but when it is not constructive it tends to be of little use.
And how is the historical-critical method constructive? We can criticize the Bible, but Lord help the person who criticizes the method that criticizes the Bible.
 
Did someone here say they didn’t believe this? I did say that it was primarily a matter of faith since there is so little evidence - is that what this is referring to?
Not explicitly, but there are three people who voted who denied it. For their sake, I hope they’re not Catholic. On top of this, if the fruits of the historical-critical method lead to 43% of Catholics rejecting Original Sin (a De fide Dogma of the Church), then I would rather do without it. The slippery slope has already been realized.
 
SemperFidelis speaks the truth.

I think there are alot of people that claim to be Catholic but don’t really believe in the resurrection of Jesus

They believe in it as much as they believe in Santa Claus.

And why do I say that?

Because it wrenches their guts out with utter pain to propose that the resurection of Jesus is More than just a point of faith but an actual historical factual reality.

Why does it hurt them so much to proclaim it as fact?

Who cares if it can be “Proven” or not?

Such “Proof” will never satisfy some.

What Is True Is True and it doesn’t matter if some people are unconvinced!

Do not the scriptures say that the “Wisdom of man is Foolishness to God”?

The same people who would go into so much pain in proclaiming the reusrrection of Jesus as fact are the same people who probably don’t really in their heart of hearts believe in the reusrrection either.

If may be sophisticated and politicaly correct and cool to not proclaim the resurrection of Jesus a fact–

But do you really want to have the faith of Thomas?

Did not Jesus say “Blessed are those who have not seen and yet believe”.

The eyes of science will never be capable of seeing the vision of God.

That takes different kinds of eyes.

Don’t be hindered by the physical eyes you have–open your eyes to see what is really truth–and yes real truth is objective–not subjective–and it is not bound by matter!
 
SemperFidelis speaks the truth.

I think there are alot of people that claim to be Catholic but don’t really believe in the resurrection of Jesus

They believe in it as much as they believe in Santa Claus.

And why do I say that?

Because it wrenches their guts out with utter pain to propose that the resurection of Jesus is More than just a point of faith but an actual historical factual reality.

Why does it hurt them so much to proclaim it as fact?

Who cares if it can be “Proven” or not?

Such “Proof” will never satisfy some.

What Is True Is True and it doesn’t matter if some people are unconvinced!

Do not the scriptures say that the “Wisdom of man is Foolishness to God”?

The same people who would go into so much pain in proclaiming the reusrrection of Jesus as fact are the same people who probably don’t really in their heart of hearts believe in the reusrrection either.

If may be sophisticated and politicaly correct and cool to not proclaim the resurrection of Jesus a fact–

But do you really want to have the faith of Thomas?

Did not Jesus say “Blessed are those who have not seen and yet believe”.

The eyes of science will never be capable of seeing the vision of God.

That takes different kinds of eyes.

Don’t be hindered by the physical eyes you have–open your eyes to see what is really truth–and yes real truth is objective–not subjective–and it is not bound by matter!
Well . hate to tell you , you’ve got it all wrong.The eyes of MY heart have been open for quite awhile - God gave us intellect & the brains to use them. if we do not attempt to use them and we remain"lukewarm" the Lord will spit us out. Read Sirach; the physician ,the scribe the worker with his hands all have a place in God’s Kingdom and a part to play in God’s plan of salvation. The Historian is as valuable as the theologian as the exegete, as the priest as the physician- all, all have there place and their position in the tapestry of God’s workings. The Catholic Church as always been a bastion of intellectualism and it is a very scary trend.I believe catholics have been “tainted” by the simplistic(not simple) anti- intellectualism of Fundamentalist churches that has crept into the mindset of’ some Catholics- it’s sad really. I’d be frightened except I know God has everything under control- something folks should remember before the start putting people on the heretic or hell bound list.Alleluia- praise the Lord!😉
 
I think charges of anti-intellectualism and fundamentalism are just dodges for liberal Catholics who don’t believe that God is truely Not bound by matter!

Pope Benedict XVI does not believe that the universe is bound by matter.

Does that make him an anti-intellectual or a fundamentalist?
 
I think charges of anti-intellectualism and fundamentalism are just dodges for liberal Catholics who don’t believe that God is truely Not bound by matter!

Pope Benedict XVI does not believe that the universe is bound by matter.

Does that make him an anti-intellectual or a fundamentalist?
Neither. It just makes him informed and intelligent.
 
I think charges of anti-intellectualism and fundamentalism are just dodges for liberal Catholics who don’t believe that God is truely Not bound by matter!

Pope Benedict XVI does not believe that the universe is bound by matter.

Does that make him an anti-intellectual or a fundamentalist?
Oh , please! God is not bound by time or space or matter or human minds or human laws or what We think or how We think He should operate or act. I wouldn’t call myself a liberal Catholic nor a Traditionalist though I wouldn’t consider a pejorative- I don’t like putting people into boxes and labeling them- I’ll leave that to you. As far as B16 - he knows how dangerous a fundamentalist attitude is.😦
 
No judgement here. Glad I’m not in God’s shoes. I’d blow the whole lot of us to smithereens. Nope, not judging. Not my job. Thanks be to God for that. 😛
super glad to hear it. 🙂
And how is the historical-critical method constructive? We can criticize the Bible, but Lord help the person who criticizes the method that criticizes the Bible.
You presume too much. Of course any methodology is open to criticism and no doubt some of it is worthwhile and meaningful. But there seems to be a tendency on this forum that if you don’t like it and what you don’t like can be criticized in any fashion, then the entire thing should be rejected. That just isn’t the way it works. Moreover , there is not “the historical critical method”. there are myriad forms designed by different scholars to look at the scriptures in very specific ways. I don’t pretend to understand it all by any means. I know overall its given us much valuable information. Like any discipline, as time goes on, things once accepted are rejected in favor of newer and better information. This doesn’t condemn the method, it refines it.

As I said, its certainly not the criticism of the method that worries me, but the determination that that is a reason to discard it in favor of archaic methods. If you want to see criticism of the methodology one has only to look at the professional journals. The experts argue constantly among themselves. That’s what inquiry is all about. You would find the same exact methods used in any historical pursuit, whether it be the history of the Bourbons or the history of the Gaul. And the arguments are just as intense tthere.
 
SemperFidelis speaks the truth.
I’m sure he appreciates your approval
I think there are alot of people that claim to be Catholic but don’t really believe in the resurrection of Jesus

**That may be, though I would doubt it. In any case I don’t see them posting here. **

They believe in it as much as they believe in Santa Claus.

And why do I say that?

Because it wrenches their guts out with utter pain to propose that the resurection of Jesus is More than just a point of faith but an actual historical factual reality.

I am at a loss why it would “wrench” anyone’s guts to believe this. Only an atheist perhaps would be disturbed by Jesus’ resurrection being "historical"

Why does it hurt them so much to proclaim it as fact?
Beats me

Who cares if it can be “Proven” or not?
**Oh i suspect we always feel more comfortable with things that are objectively true, but other than that I doubt it matters much to the rank and file. **

Such “Proof” will never satisfy some.

**Probably true. **

What Is True Is True and it doesn’t matter if some people are unconvinced!

**That would be correct. If evolution is true, it will remain true no matter how much some folks would like not to be. **
Do not the scriptures say that the “Wisdom of man is Foolishness to God”?

**Yes, but I’m not sure what you think this means. **

The same people who would go into so much pain in proclaiming the reusrrection of Jesus as fact are the same people who probably don’t really in their heart of hearts believe in the reusrrection either.

**If they didn’t believe in it in their heart of hearts as you say, why would they go into such pain to proclaim it then? **

If may be sophisticated and politicaly correct and cool to not proclaim the resurrection of Jesus a fact–

**I think it has nothing to do with being politically correct. Given the numbers of believers in the US being over 90%, I doubt it is either cool or sophisticated to believe that either. **

But do you really want to have the faith of Thomas?

**But as far as we know, Jesus was happy to help Thomas see, and nowhere have I seen thomas was punished because he needed more evidence. **

Did not Jesus say “Blessed are those who have not seen and yet believe”.

**It’s always a bit dicey to take things out of context, but yes, I think its lovely to feel everything fits without further thought. **

The eyes of science will never be capable of seeing the vision of God.

**Science undoubtedly will not as its not a living things. Plenty of scientists have however from their point of view. They may be scientists but of course have the same right as any human to see God. **

That takes different kinds of eyes.

**Indeed. **

Don’t be hindered by the physical eyes you have–open your eyes to see what is really truth–and yes real truth is objective–not subjective–and it is not bound by matter!
Can you explain what this truth not bounded by matter is? I think maybe I understand you, but I’m not clear. Clearly i would agree that God exists outside both time and space. Is this what you are referring to?
 
Well . hate to tell you , you’ve got it all wrong.The eyes of MY heart have been open for quite awhile - God gave us intellect & the brains to use them. if we do not attempt to use them and we remain"lukewarm" the Lord will spit us out. Read Sirach; the physician ,the scribe the worker with his hands all have a place in God’s Kingdom and a part to play in God’s plan of salvation. The Historian is as valuable as the theologian as the exegete, as the priest as the physician- all, all have there place and their position in the tapestry of God’s workings. The Catholic Church as always been a bastion of intellectualism and it is a very scary trend.I believe catholics have been “tainted” by the simplistic(not simple) anti- intellectualism of Fundamentalist churches that has crept into the mindset of’ some Catholics- it’s sad really. I’d be frightened except I know God has everything under control- something folks should remember before the start putting people on the heretic or hell bound list.Alleluia- praise the Lord!😉
Thanks for putting things into perspective. God will indeed solve this little glitch we are experiencing. The slide into fundamentalism that seems to be occurring to some Catholics is most unfortunate and leads to a ridgidity in thinking that will make those so adher to it increasingly unable to cope in a modern world. More and more of the world’s problems require an open minded “out of the box” approach and cross-disciplinary reasoning. This kind of compartmentalized thinking will not be helpful to them or to others.
 
I think charges of anti-intellectualism and fundamentalism are just dodges for liberal Catholics who don’t believe that God is truely Not bound by matter!

**you really must explain what you mean by this bound by matter stuff. **
 
Not explicitly, but there are three people who voted who denied it. For their sake, I hope they’re not Catholic. On top of this, if the fruits of the historical-critical method lead to 43% of Catholics rejecting Original Sin (a De fide Dogma of the Church), then I would rather do without it. The slippery slope has already been realized.

Why would the HCM or its (unspecified) fruits have that effect :confused: ? It is not clear how denial of something that can be known only by faith could be caused by a method based on the use of historical & literary arguments. That’s like expecting the scientific analysis of the spectrum of colours to affect aesthetic judgements about a work of art. The judgement that the use of blue in a portrait is brilliantly executed, is not affected by scientific analyses of how the various shades of blue & green & the rest are related.​

There may be theological topics which have helped to cause more schisms, errors, & heresies than Christology - but none comes to mind. Why not throw out Christology ? It has had 19 centuries to show its fruits, & many of them have (by your test) been utterly disastrous. Men have been exiled, imprisoned, even killed, for having the wrong Christological belief - how many have suffered any of that for their views on the HCM & allied methods ?
 

Why would the HCM or its (unspecified) fruits have that effect :confused: ? It is not clear how denial of something that can be known only by faith could be caused by a method based on the use of historical & literary arguments. That’s like expecting the scientific analysis of the spectrum of colours to affect aesthetic judgements about a work of art. The judgement that the use of blue in a portrait is brilliantly executed, is not affected by scientific analyses of how the various shades of blue & green & the rest are related.​

There may be theological topics which have helped to cause more schisms, errors, & heresies than Christology - but none comes to mind. Why not throw out Christology ? It has had 19 centuries to show its fruits, & many of them have (by your test) been utterly disastrous. Men have been exiled, imprisoned, even killed, for having the wrong Christological belief - how many have suffered any of that for their views on the HCM & allied methods ?
I believe the reason why the Historical-Critical Method has such a deleterious affect on the faithful is a result two main issues. Who is employing it and then the consequence of the method itself.

HCM removes the faith aspect from scripture study. The student tries to learn to context in which the author lived, how the author of a particular passage grew up, what was the political situation, how did the person employ language and so on. So by learning about the author and the times, we can learn about the motivation for the writing and even about word choice. Or so scholars who favor this method say.

There are some things, however, that are often ignored. Such as the fact that scripture is inspired by God and the authors were moved by the Holy Spirit to write what they did. This is critical. and it is completely ignored by HCM. Instead HCM scholars busy themselves trying to come up elaborate and sometimes fantastic theories about why scriptures agree and do not contradict. The “Q” gospel is an example of this.

Additionally, miracles are sometimes explained-away as “literary devices” or a misunderstanding about places (e.g. explaining the parting of the Red Sea by claiming they actually crossed a marsh they named the “Sea of Reeds”. And claimimg that it was the Egyption chariots that got stuck in the mire. It does not explain how the foot soldiers drown or how the Israelites heavily loaded carts did not get stuck but the lighter Chariots did.)

By isolating Holy Scripture from faith and trying to interpret it as some type of historical record, the student can get lost in the details and forget the reason for study to begin with. Or even God’s primary purpose in giving us Holy Scripture.

There is also an undercurrent of “We are smarter than people were then.” attitude the infiltrates all of HCM. This grossly inaccurate premise is not generally helpful either.

We can see how using this method can hide the Glory of God in details. As for the who I mentioned at the beginning? Well, there are always people who want to deny scripture. By provide mundane explanations to miraculous events, little by little, they tear down scripture and do great harm to the faith of many.

Enemies of the Church love HCM. Why? It gives them the ability to attack the Church indirectly by giving them a basis for alternate explanations or outright denials that certain events even occurred. And they can do under the guise of “scholarly research”.

I am not saying that HCM is all bad. Not at all. It can help us understand what is really happening at the time and why certain things are important. However, to try to apply it to miraculous events, moments of Divine intervention, and the like, then it is being misapplied. Using HCM as the primary or sole method of Scripture study and exegesis, is a misapplication of it as well.
 
I believe the reason why the Historical-Critical Method has such a deleterious affect on the faithful is a result two main issues. Who is employing it and then the consequence of the method itself.

HCM removes the faith aspect from scripture study. The student tries to learn to context in which the author lived, how the author of a particular passage grew up, what was the political situation, how did the person employ language and so on. So by learning about the author and the times, we can learn about the motivation for the writing and even about word choice. Or so scholars who favor this method say.

**The is certainly true. **

There are some things, however, that are often ignored. Such as the fact that scripture is inspired by God and the authors were moved by the Holy Spirit to write what they did. This is critical. and it is completely ignored by HCM. Instead HCM scholars busy themselves trying to come up elaborate and sometimes fantastic theories about why scriptures agree and do not contradict. The “Q” gospel is an example of this.

**You misunderstand that there are two basic types of analysis. One is apologetic in nature. Scott Hahn would be an example of this. Such analysis presupposes that indeed the Gospels are inspired and that the authors were in some sense directed as to the subject of what they said. Such analysis seeks to reconcile the text with Church teaching, using the HCM only insofar as it does this.

The other manner of analysis is what would be thought of as "scientific’ in nature. It looks at the texts from a myriad of subsets of HCM but starts with no assumptions at all. It simply dissects the texts in the same manner that would be used to examine critically the Constitution of Herodotus, or Pliny. It relies on theoretical models of analysis that have proved useful in other literary examinations. Often the two analyses arrive at the same conclusion, some times they do not. **

Additionally, miracles are sometimes explained-away as “literary devices” or a misunderstanding about places (e.g. explaining the parting of the Red Sea by claiming they actually crossed a marsh they named the “Sea of Reeds”. And claimimg that it was the Egyption chariots that got stuck in the mire. It does not explain how the foot soldiers drown or how the Israelites heavily loaded carts did not get stuck but the lighter Chariots did.)

**Since its well know that many of the OT stories were not factual history and may never have been meant as such, I’m unsure of what your criticism is. I believe that Sea of Reeds is the correct translation but perhaps I’m wrong. Again, this changes absolutely nothing about the theological lesson being imparted. **
 
By isolating Holy Scripture from faith and trying to interpret it as some type of historical record, the student can get lost in the details and forget the reason for study to begin with. Or even God’s primary purpose in giving us Holy Scripture.

**That depends entirely on what the student wants and expects. i doubt any real student is the least confused on which type of analysis they are given. I agree that there are some very conservative persons who do not wish to examine the scriptures in a rigorous way as is done with other non-biblical writings, but this is hardly a condemnation of the HCM. **

There is also an undercurrent of “We are smarter than people were then.” attitude the infiltrates all of HCM. This grossly inaccurate premise is not generally helpful either.

**That may be true, but I don’t think it;s meant that way. It just reflects the difference in purpose of study that has as its goal a more pastoral interpretation and that which has a more academic goal in mind. **

We can see how using this method can hide the Glory of God in details. As for the who I mentioned at the beginning? Well, there are always people who want to deny scripture. By provide mundane explanations to miraculous events, little by little, they tear down scripture and do great harm to the faith of many.

**Gosh, I’ve read some amazingly potent new visions of God and his work in salvation from some of these analysis. It’s all in what you wish to see I guess. I don’t think they make anything mundane. Sometimes one learns a greater appreciation for the skill of the writers who were amazingly masterful at times in fashioning wriitings that told a very powerful story. I agree that such interpretations can be frightening to some who don’t understand and feel that this is somehow threatening to their faith. Those who require a more fundamentalist approach to feel that safety can be upset no doubt. **

Enemies of the Church love HCM. Why? It gives them the ability to attack the Church indirectly by giving them a basis for alternate explanations or outright denials that certain events even occurred. And they can do under the guise of “scholarly research”.

**You will of course have to substantiate this claim. I’m at a loss why anyone who hates the Church and thus hates the bible itself would waste a lifetime investigating these things for no reason other than to destroy the Church, and as I have said, I find no evidence that their work needs to be seen in that fashion anyhow. It’s not done under any guise. It is scholarly research. **

I am not saying that HCM is all bad. Not at all. It can help us understand what is really happening at the time and why certain things are important. However, to try to apply it to miraculous events, moments of Divine intervention, and the like, then it is being misapplied. Using HCM as the primary or sole method of Scripture study and exegesis, is a misapplication of it as well.

I think you misunderstand a great deal of what HCM is doing at least scholarly. Often what they uncover is that the writer has used well known OT references to certain miraculous works as a way of implying that he too speaks of a miraculous event. Such should not upset one; in fact, it points to the serious and deep belief on the part of the writer and that his community was similarly deeply believing.
 
Spirit Meadow, I am not ignoring your rather complete response to my post. I am just mulling it over. Really, I am.

And here is proof. I stumbled across this just a few minutes ago. I remember learning this some time ago, but had forgottern where. Then I saw a thread that had it.
The CCC contains the 5 rules.
The senses of Scripture
115 According to an ancient tradition, one can distinguish between two senses of Scripture: the literal and the spiritual, the latter being subdivided into the allegorical, moral and anagogical senses. The profound concordance of the four senses guarantees all its richness to the living reading of Scripture in the Church.
116 The **literal sense **is the meaning conveyed by the words of Scripture and discovered by exegesis, following the rules of sound interpretation: “All other senses of Sacred Scripture are based on the literal.”
117 The spiritual sense. Thanks to the unity of God’s plan, not only the text of Scripture but also the realities and events about which it speaks can be signs.
  1. The allegorical sense. We can acquire a more profound understanding of events by recognizing their significance in Christ; thus the crossing of the Red Sea is a sign or type of Christ’s victory and also of Christian Baptism.
  1. The moral sense. The events reported in Scripture ought to lead us to act justly. As St. Paul says, they were written “for our instruction”.
  1. The **anagogical sense **(Greek: anagoge, “leading”). We can view realities and events in terms of their eternal significance, leading us toward our true homeland: thus the Church on earth is a sign of the heavenly Jerusalem.
These rules must be included in all methods of scripture study. The fact that they are from the Catechism give them some rather significant weight.

When I was taught the HCM method in my Scripture Exegete classes, not a single one of these rules from the Catechism was every mentioned. And not a single one of those who preferred the HCM even came close to being a faithful Catholic, including the two nuns and the priest who taught the classes. (The priest, by the way, is no longer a priest and is now serving some time in the pokey for being a little too friendly with little boys. :mad: :mad: The nuns recently publicized their membership in Catholics for Free Choice, a pseudo-Catholic group that promotes abortion. :mad: )

So I hope you will forgive if I have some bad associations with HCM.
 
Spirit Meadow, I am not ignoring your rather complete response to my post. I am just mulling it over. Really, I am.

And here is proof. I stumbled across this just a few minutes ago. I remember learning this some time ago, but had forgottern where. Then I saw a thread that had it.

These rules must be included in all methods of scripture study. The fact that they are from the Catechism give them some rather significant weight.

When I was taught the HCM method in my Scripture Exegete classes, not a single one of these rules from the Catechism was every mentioned. And not a single one of those who preferred the HCM even came close to being a faithful Catholic, including the two nuns and the priest who taught the classes. (The priest, by the way, is no longer a priest and is now serving some time in the pokey for being a little too friendly with little boys. :mad: :mad: The nuns recently publicized their membership in Catholics for Free Choice, a pseudo-Catholic group that promotes abortion. :mad: )

So I hope you will forgive if I have some bad associations with HCM.
No problem. And I see what your difficulty is I believe. The rules from the CCC deal with pastoral or what I would argue are the normal apologetic way we read scripture. When we read as believers we read differently than when we read critically. Such rules as these would not be appropriate for academic study for quite obvious reasons–the spiritual and moral senses would introduce unnecessary personal beliefs into the process. In serious historical examiniation of scripture as in the examination of any literary work every effort must be made to remove one’s own personal “lens” from the picture.

I’m very sorry you had an unpleasant experience. Perhaps you expected something different than what they were offering. But their later difficulties as you stated them, really would have little to do with their ability to properly examine scripture from a HC methodology.
 
I believe the reason why the Historical-Critical Method has such a deleterious affect on the faithful is a result two main issues. Who is employing it and then the consequence of the method itself.

HCM removes the faith aspect from scripture study. The student tries to learn to context in which the author lived, how the author of a particular passage grew up, what was the political situation, how did the person employ language and so on. So by learning about the author and the times, we can learn about the motivation for the writing and even about word choice. Or so scholars who favor this method say.

How is any of that wrong ? The HCM is as little or as much antagonistic to faith as the use of similar methods in the study of Livy or Homer - their works were used in much the same way as the OT. It is not wrong to point out that the first five books of Livy are largely legendary,or to mention extra-Livian parallels - so why is it objectionable to treat the first five books of the Hebrews in this way ?​

No one objects when Livy is studied in that way - yet people do object when these other books are studied in that way. But why ? The Hebrew books are are as worthy of close study as any others - so what’s the problem ? No one calls for implicit faith in the inspiration or inerrancy of the Iliad, no one calls for the excommunication of those who deny the perfect veracity of every word of Odysseus, & no one makes the ability of the horse Xanthus to spealk with his master Achilles a test of orthodoxy - but that is how some Christians behave with the first five books of the OT. Why the difference ?

Faith is not used in studying the OT, because faith is not an academic instrument or method: faith won’t cast light on how Livy used his sources, nor will it cast any light on the identity of the Hittites in Gen. 23. So, it’s not used. Greek is learned by study of grammar - not by faith.

Things that may or do cast light on these questions & others, are used - because they are appropriate to the issues involved. But to rest one’s understanding of Mesopotamian adoption laws or Levitical names upon faith would be intolerably subjective. People can have all the faith in the world that Basque was the language of Abraham - but if they won’t allow this idea to be reviewed by others & controlled by evidence, it is academically useless.

So faith has its place - but not as an academic tool.
There are some things, however, that are often ignored. Such as the fact that scripture is inspired by God and the authors were moved by the Holy Spirit to write what they did. This is critical. and it is completely ignored by HCM.

It’s irrelevant to the HCM - like a million other things. One might as well complain that the HCM is practiced by haters of kilts: for they are never mentioned either​

Instead HCM scholars busy themselves trying to come up elaborate and sometimes fantastic theories about why scriptures agree and do not contradict. The “Q” gospel is an example of this.

It is at least an attempt to reckon with the facts of the Gospel text - the solution may be right or wrong, but it is a response to actual data. BTW - Q is deemed to be a source-document; not a gospel.​

Electronics is “elaborate” - so is dogmatic theology. That a discipline is elaborate, surprising, & not always easy is not an objection to its legitimacy.

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