But when I read the parable, I am more and more convinced that the neighbour was “The one who showed mercy on him” (Luke 10:37).
After presenting the Parable of the Good Samaritan, Jesus asked the scholar, “Which of these three, in your opinion, was neighbor to the robbers’ victim?” The scholar replied, “The one who treated him with mercy.” (Luke 10:36 & 37). Based on this, I can understand why you see the Good Samaritan being the one identified as the neighbor.
Nevertheless, I think the point of the parable is that both the Good Samaritan and the victim of the robbers are to be considered as neighbors to each other. It is normal within human society to feel a type of kinship with those who live near you. People who dwell in the same neighborhood often help one another with tasks (for example, moving a sofa or getting a ride to the airport), with borrowing things (tools, the iconic “cup of sugar”, and such) and often engage in open social events (block parties, backyard BBQs, etc.). Also, in a time of an emergency, a person may run to the house of a neighbor for help. It is natural for humans to feel more inclined to help a neighbor than a complete stranger.
But in the Parable of the Good Samaritan, the Samaritan is obviously far away from his own neighborhood (for the simple fact that he is not in Samaria). The victim of the robbers is a complete stranger and a Jew as well (and there was a lot of animosity between Jews and Samaritans in the time of Jesus). Nevertheless, the Samaritan is moved by the virtues of mercy and compassion to treat this stranger in the same way he would treat a fellow Samaritan living in his own neighborhood.
In light of all this, I believe that the term “neighbor” in the parable applies to
both the Samaritan and the victim of the robbers. In other words, the
relationship between neighbors is what is being described. The challenge of the parable is to not simply view our friends, families and people in our neighborhoods as people entitled to neighborly care from us, but everyone. Therefore, we should extend to strangers the kind of loving Christian care and service we extend to those we know personally. Otherwise, the victim of the robbers would have died in the street unless someone who knew him personally happened to come along in time.