You can think again, although you are not totally wrong. The concept of hell is indeed in the OT but the one in terms of the grave and not of a place in flames burning the souls of non-repented sinners. This is found only in the NT and in the Dante’s Inferno. Now, you know that such a thing is not real. And BTW, heaven likewise is not a place to get into but a spiritual state of mind which is up to ourselves to allow it to dwell within ourselves. That’s what Jesus himself made it very clear in Luke 17:21. “The kingdom of heaven is not a place we could report of being here or there; for it is to be found within each one of us.” Jews do believe that after death we all go somewhere: Grave, that is. A place wherefrom no one will ever return. (Job 10:21; 2 Chron. 12:23)
Correct though, to be fair to Dante, he was expressing (as was the philosophical advice of the time) metaphysical or transcendant realities in extremely concrete forms, as was recommended for philosopher-poets when their audience was the general and uneducated public. Dante was seating himself within the long line or tradition of ancient poets and philosophers, as symbolized I think by placing Virgil as his guide.
IV. "WHO ART IN HEAVEN"
2794 This biblical expression does not mean a place (“space”), but a way of being; it does not mean that God is distant, but majestic. Our Father is not “elsewhere”: he transcends everything we can conceive of his holiness. It is precisely because he is thrice holy that he is so close to the humble and contrite heart.
“Our Father who art in heaven” is rightly understood to mean that God is in the hearts of the just, as in his holy temple. At the same time, it means that those who pray should desire the one they invoke to dwell in them.54
“Heaven” could also be those who bear the image of the heavenly world, and in whom God dwells and tarries.55
2795 The symbol of the heavens refers us back to the mystery of the covenant we are living when we pray to our Father. He is in heaven, his dwelling place; the Father’s house is our homeland. Sin has exiled us from the land of the covenant,56 but conversion of heart enables us to return to the Father, to heaven.57 In Christ, then, heaven and earth are reconciled,58 for the Son alone “descended from heaven” and causes us to ascend there with him, by his Cross, Resurrection, and Ascension.59
2796 When the Church prays “our Father who art in heaven,” she is professing that we are the People of God, already seated “with him in the heavenly places in Christ Jesus” and "hidden with Christ in God;"60 yet at the same time, "here indeed we groan, and long to put on our heavenly dwelling."61
[Christians] are in the flesh, but do not live according to the flesh. They spend their lives on earth, but are citizens of heaven.62
I think Dante’s work is in keeping with the doctrine above, indulging as it does in "
the symbol of the heavens ".