Dear Donmaximus,
Thanks for the link. But, I still privately believe that Crusades is more political to religion, regardless of their position of defense against expansive opponents.
The Crusades were merely a defensive tactic for the sake of Constantinople and for those in the Holy Land. Every knight that participated in the Crusades recieve little if any booty from the battles in the Holy Land. They suffered dearly, for many knights sold most of their possessions, land, and spent most of their wealth to even go on a Crusade. The matter was purely driven by piety and zeal, yet modern historians would have us believe in the ridiculous assumption that knights gained endless amounts of wealth and land in the Holy Land; this was clearly not the case. When looking that the Islamic Empire and their treatment of former Christian lands, which were indeed the Holy Land, North Africa, Spain, and Sicily, the Crusades most definitely fit St. Augustine’s doctrine of a just war.
Because of the Crusades, tolerance and peace was brought to the Holy Land, even though the Christians eventually lost their kingdom. The idea of spreading Islam by the sword was greatly weakened because of the Crusades. Were the Crusades a just war? Absolutely. Pope Urban II condemned any abomination committed during the Crusades, as did most knights, because they fought for the protection of Christendom and its people.
“The prince beareth not the sword in vain for he is the minister of God to execute His vengeance against him who doeth evil” (Romans xiii 4).
St. Augustine say in Book VI, Question 16, of Questions on Joshua: “Just wars are usually defined as those which avenge injuries, when the nation or city against which warlike action is to be directed has neglected either to punish wrongs committed by its own citizens or to restore what has been unjustly taken by it. Further, that kind of war is undoubtedly just which God Himself ordains.”
St. Augustine in De Verbis Domini: “With the true servants of God wars themselves are pacific, not being undertaken through cupidity or cruelty, but through the love of peace, with the object of repressing the wicked and encouraging the good.”
St. Augustine says (Ep. ad Bonifacium, CLXXXIX) : “For peace is not sought in order to the kindling of war, but war is waged in order that peace may be obtained. Therefore, even in waging war, cherish the spirit of the peacemaker, that, by conquering those whom you attack, you may lead them back to the advantages of peace . . . .”