When I was a Jew, I always said that if I ever became a Christian I would make a very rebellious Protestant, because they don’t understand how we (Jews) speak and write.
To a Jew, the title Father had three meanings: God the Father, the Patriarchs and the biological father. At the time of Jesus, the Romans were imposing Caesar as god on their provinces, making him equal to God the Father. This is the reference that Jesus is making. Never call anyone Father as in Father God. He was not condemning the patriarchal tradition, which was part of his faith and which he defended.
The Catholics use the title Father the same way that Jews and Muslims use it when referring to the Patriarchs. It is a patriarchal title, not a divine title. We Jews can tell the difference between the two. It’s just like when you Gentiles write history and you write about Adonnai and you wire “God” with an upper case. But when you write about the Greeks and Romans you write “god” with a lower case. You call them both G O D but you can tell the difference.
I don’t think that the problem is with the Catholics. I believe the problem is with people not undestanding how Jews speak or spoke in those days and the issues that they were facing. Some of Jesus’ statements were addressing specific issues that threatened the faith of the people, such as the Roman imposition of an emperor who was a father-god, which is the meaning of the title Caesar.
Even Protestant theologians refer to Abraham, Isaac, Jacob, et al, as Patriarchs, which is Latin for Fathers. Even Protestant theologians have written many great boosk on the Fathers of the Church. They call them Father and on the Desert Fathers.
Even great Protesant ministers, such as Billy Graham, addressed the pope as Holy Father when he met him.
The more one understands the history of the Jewish people, the better one understands these disciplinary admonitions that Jesus gives. This falls under the area of discipline, not dogma. Today we do not have Caesar’s but we have other things and people whom we equate to God the Father. Jesus adminition applies to that too. Never equate anything or anyone to God the Father. There is only one divine Father. This is the message here. He’s teaching a dogma and stating a disciplinary admonition to protect the dogma. The dogma is that there is only one dvine Father. The discipline is to avoid equating anyone or anything with Him.
Hence we apply, “Give to Caesar what is Caesar’s and give to God what is God’s.” If a man is a patriarch, give him the title and respect that a patriarch deserves and give to God the title and respect that he deserves… God is the only divine Father. No one in any of the apostolic Churches is call a divine Father. The highest title that the apostolic Churches use is Patriarch from ancient languages and Holy Father for the highest ranking patriarch of each Church. The term Holy is a reference to the holiness of the Church. He is the patriarch of that which is holy, the Church. Therefore, these men in the east and west are called Holy Father. The pope is not the only Holy Father around. The heads of the Eastern Churches and the Eastern Orthodox are also called Holy Father. We have an obligation to be charitable and respectful toward all people by calling them by their appropriate titles.
Notice, a physician is not always a teacher of medicine; but we call them Doctor. Doctor means the same as Rabbi. Doctor is Latin and Rabbi is Hebrew. They both mean Teacher. Jesus was called Rabbi, the Hebrew equivalent to the Latin word, Doctor from docere, to teach. Would you refuse to call a Rabbi by his title or a PhD, M.D. or DO by the title Doctor, because it should be reserved for Jesus alone?
Fraternally,
Br. JR, OSF