Dear lily628,
I happened to hear in a homily today the following point regarding consecrated life not being a sacrament: it is not a particular sacrament because it is simply a person’s desire to live more fully his Baptismal promises. So, the sacrament which is related to the vows and religious life is baptism. You can look at these two documents from Vatican II to see this point made: Lumen Gentium, paragraphs 43-47 (especially # 44) and Perfectae Caritatis, the whole thing (especially #5).
Also, before a person makes profession, the point is in the ritual of profession that the person has already been consecrated to God by water and the Holy Spirit and now wishes to follow Christ more closely by making particular vows.