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inkaneer
Guest
I have to disagree with you. It wasn’t Rome who wanted to rule over the state it was the State who wanted to bolster their power by incorporating ecclesiastical power with political power. Thus we get the ‘Divine Right of Kings’ which in effect made defying the monarchy not only a criminal offense but since kings ruled by a right given by God any defiance of their rule was damnable also. It was a way that the nobility used to keep the masses in their place. Thus we get the French kings imprisoning the Popes at Avignon. We get Ferdinand in Spain using the inquisition to strengthen his reign and his treasury. We get Henry VIII in England trying to force the pope to grant an annulment to his marriage. We also see the German nobility using Luther to carve out a greater portion of power. And this is not something new to Western Europe. We see the same exact thing with the Roman Emperors in Constantinople lording over the Patriarch there. Separation of Church and State in Europe was to protect the church from the state not vice versa. Only in America it was to protect the state from the Church of England. Indeed the first settlers here came here to escape the Church of Henry VIII. Here I am speaking of the Pilgrims, the Quakers, the Puritans and the Catholics in Maryland.My intent was not to ignore anything… this kind of forum is difficult to cover all elements of a period in such short posts.
However, we must be careful not to mash Lutherans in with general Protestantism… there are many significant differences. But naturally, in an age where Church and State were entirely intertwined, there were abuses all around. The Reformers (at least the Lutherans) argued for a division of powers, harkening back to Augustine’s Two Kingdom argumentation, and so were less likely to use the State for the persecution of Christians, though the Lutheran princes did on occassion… but Rome continued to argue that the pope held a divine right over not only the Church but also the State, which naturally translated (along with their greater numbers) into a greater proportion of the abuse of power. I’m sure that where Lutherans were in majority populations, and the Church and State were still intimately united, there were plenty of abuses to go around. All this, however, supports the Lutheran contention that all men are fallible, be they ever so great.