Why Isn't Everyone Catholic?

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Teflon93:
Because he claimed there weren’t Scriptural references in that article and there were, which is why I posted it.

His response was dishonest.
What I said was that none of the Scripture references you offered mentioned either Mary, or papal infallibility. (It seems you’re still dealing with that reading comprehension problem of yours, or perhaps you’re still projecting your own [dishonest] traits and actions onto others.)
 
I’m asking your opinion—you obviously don’t believe that there was no official Bible until Trent, right?

So what’s the early date?
How much clearer can I be.

For the OT, the RCC first infallibly declared and promulgated the canon of the OT for the church universal at Trent.

I acknowledged that the OT, including the apocrypha or what you call the deuterocanonicals were included in the canon at Carthage and Hippo but these were provincial councils and therefore incapable of settling the issue for the whole church.

Surely this is clear enough for you.
 
How much clearer can I be.

For the OT, the RCC first infallibly declared and promulgated the canon of the OT for the church universal at Trent.

I acknowledged that the OT, including the apocrypha or what you call the deuterocanonicals were included in the canon at Carthage and Hippo but these were provincial councils and therefore incapable of settling the issue for the whole church.

Surely this is clear enough for you.
Not entirely true the Pope insisted that Jerome inlcuded the DC books within the OT despite Jeromes view. It seemed settled at least by that time.
 
Not entirely true the Pope insisted that Jerome inlcuded the DC books within the OT despite Jeromes view. It seemed settled at least by that time.
Jerome included the books in the vulgate but he also included his prologue each deuterocanonical book which disparaged their canoncity.

If you go to newadvent.org and look up the canon of the OT there is a pretty good article describing the issue and obviously newadvent.org does not have a anti-catholic bias.

Additionally, all the way up the council of Trent you will find theologians arguing against the inclusion of the duetero’s. Even some of the council fathers at Trent did not want to include them.
 
I do not believe that the canon of scripture for the Catholic Church was settled at Carthage or Hippo and it was not until Trent that the Catholic Church’s canon was finally settled.

Neither Carthage or Hippo were ecumenical councils and were only provincial so they had no jurisdiction over the church as a whole.

I am unaware of any appeals to Carthage or Hippo as settling the canon of the OT in the early church and in fact we see that Augustine did not understand the two councils as being the final say.

We also see from Hippo and Carthage all the way up until Trent that there is plenty of evidence that the canon of the OT was not settled at either of the earlier councils.

The Catholic Encyclopedia has this to say…
Catholic Encyclopedia:
The Tridentine decrees from which the above list is extracted was the first infallible and effectually promulgated pronouncement on the Canon, addressed to the Church Universal.
Note that if Trent was the first infallible and effectually promulgated pronouncement on the canon addressed to the universal church, Carthage and Hippo couldn’t have been.

Augustine himself, though accepting the deutero’s as canonical had this to say about how one is to determine what is and what isn’t canonical and remember he was a major player at the North African councils.
Agustine:
Now, in regard to the canonical Scriptures, he must follow the judgment of the greater number of catholic churches; and among these, of course, a high place must be given to such as have been thought worthy to be the seat of an apostle and to receive epistles. Accordingly, among the canonical Scriptures he will judge according to the following standard: to prefer those that are received by all the catholic churches to those which some do not receive. Among those, again, which are not received by all, he will prefer such as have the sanction of the greater number and those of greater authority, to such as are held by the smaller number and those of less authority. If, however, he shall find that some books are held by the greater number of churches, and others by the churches of greater authority (though this is not a very likely thing to happen), I think that in such a case the authority on the two sides is to be looked upon as equal.
84NPNF1, Vol. 2, Augustine, On Christian Doctrine, Book II, Chapter 8.
Obviously Augustine acknowledged the lack of unanimity in the churches regarding the canon and gave advice on how to determine which books were truly canonical and did not see Carthage or Hippo as being settling the issue.

Cardinal Cajetan who was sent to the Diet of Worms to oppose Luther had this to say about the canon:
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Cajetan:
Here we close our commentaries on the historical books of the Old Testament. For the rest (that is, Judith, Tobit, and the books of Maccabees) are counted by St Jerome out of the canonical books, and are placed amongst the Apocrypha, along with Wisdom and Ecclesiasticus, as is plain from the Prologus Galeatus. Nor be thou disturbed, like a raw scholar, if thou shouldest find anywhere, either in the sacred councils or the sacred doctors, these books reckoned as canonical. For the words as well of councils as of doctors are to be reduced to the correction of Jerome. Now, according to his judgment, in the epistle to the bishops Chromatius and Heliodorus, these books (and any other like books in the canon of the bible) are not canonical, that is, not in the nature of a rule for confirming matters of faith. Yet, they may be called canonical, that is, in the nature of a rule for the edification of the faithful, as being received and authorised in the canon of the bible for that purpose. By the help of this distinction thou mayest see thy way clearly through that which Augustine says, and what is written in the provincial council of Carthage.
Cardinal Caietan (Jacob Thomas de Vio), Commentary on all the Authentic Historical Books of the Old Tesdtament
Post Continued…
 
Even at Trent we see that there was still controversy surrounding the deuterocanonical books.
Jedin:
“[Seripando was] Impressed by the doubts of St. Jerome, Rufinus, and St. John Damascene about the deuterocanonical books of the Old Testament, Seripando favored a distinction in the degrees of authority of the books of the Florentine canon. The highest authority among all the books of the Old Testament must be accorded those which Christ Himself and the apostles quoted in the New Testament, especially the Psalms. But the rule of citation in the New Testament does not indicate the difference of degree in the strict sense of the word, because certain Old Testament books not quoted in the New Testament are equal in authority to those quoted. St. Jerome gives an actual difference in degree of authority when he gives a higher place to those books which are adequate to prove a dogma than to those which are read merely for edification. The former, the protocanonical books, are “libri canonici et authentici”; Tobias, Judith, the Book of Wisdom, the books of Esdras, Ecclesiasticus, the books of the Maccabees, and Baruch are only “canonici et ecclesiastici” and make up the canon morum in contrast to the canon fidei. These, Seripando says in the words of St. Jerome, are suited for the edification of the people, but they are not authentic, that is, not sufficient to prove a dogma. Seripando emphasized that in spite of the Florentine canon the question of a twofold canon was still open and was treated as such by learned men in the Church. Without doubt he was thinking of Cardinal Cajetan, who in his commentary on the Epistle to the Hebrews accepted St. Jerome’s view which had had supporters throughout the Middle Ages.”

Source: Hubert Jedin, Papal Legate At The Council Of Trent (St Louis: B. Herder Book Co., 1947), pp. 270-271.

“For the last time [Seripando] expressed his doubts [to the Council of Trent] about accepting the deuterocanonical books into the canon of faith. Together with the apostolic traditions the so-called apostolic canons were being accepted, and the eighty-fifth canon listed the Book of Sirach (Ecclesiasticus) as non-canonical. Now, he said, it would be contradictory to accept, on the one hand, the apostolic traditions as the foundation of faith and, on the other, to directly reject one of them.”

Source: Hubert Jedin, Papal Legate At The Council Of Trent (St Louis: B. Herder Book Co., 1947), p. 278.
So even at Trent we see that the council fathers did not understand the councils of Hippo and Carthage as settling the canon of the OT. It would seem obvious that Trent was not just reaffirming Carthage and Hippo.
 
That I don’t recall. I read “Apologia Pro Vita Sua” again several months ago but thought that his issues with papal authority preceded his conversion.

There was a dispute at the time among the cardinals as to whether as a practical matter dogmatically defining it would tend to encourage or wound Church unity but that was very much not a theological argument—the Throne of St Peter having been recognized as a bulwark against heresy since the earliest days of the Church as St Paul’s epistle to the Romans demonstrates.

The infallibility issue has of course been discussed many, many times in other threads and so I won’t go too deeply into that here beyond noting that I don’t recall Newman’s stance.

Perhaps others do.
The only reason I know of his issues with infallibility (obviously Newman submitted to the councils decress) is that at the Boston Papacy Debate (Butler and Sungenis vs White and Zinns), Newman’s papers were quoted.
 
Jerome included the books in the vulgate but he also included his prologue each deuterocanonical book which disparaged their canoncity.

If you go to newadvent.org and look up the canon of the OT there is a pretty good article describing the issue and obviously newadvent.org does not have a anti-catholic bias.

Additionally, all the way up the council of Trent you will find theologians arguing against the inclusion of the duetero’s. Even some of the council fathers at Trent did not want to include them.
I think you may have missed this key point with regard to the article in the new advent site you referred me to
The deuterocanonical (deuteros, “second”) are those whose Scriptural character was contested in some quarters, but which long ago gained a secure footing in the Bible of the Catholic Church, though those of the Old Testament are classed by Protestants as the “Apocrypha”. These consist of seven books: Tobias, Judith, Baruch, Ecclesiasticus, Wisdom, First and Second Machabees; also certain additions to Esther and Daniel.
Which is evident by the Use of these books in Hebrews of the NT and also by CLement with regards to Edith and Ignatius. Early enough in Church history to view these books seriously. What you seem to be mistakenly thinking is that canon was only settled at the council of Trent is this phrase
The **most explicit **definition of the Catholic Canon is that given by the Council of Trent, Session IV, 1546.
It doesn’t mean that the consept of a settled canon was already established but more explicitly defined because there had been not real challenge to it since Jerome up until that time and primarily due to the reformers. You seem to think it was in some limbo state which isn’t true the artcle refers to Catholic acceptance of the LXX. Which the earliest listed collection of books of the LXX is dated to the fourth century. As far as Jerome he had to refute his own complaint about inclusion into the Vulgar latin translation or the common latin translation in his letter to apion.
 
We need a bit more definition still—what do you mean by this?

For example, let’s say the entire world was Muslim but for one Unitarian. Is the faith alive?
A Muslim isn’t a Chistian and I don’t know what a Unitarian believes.

How can the faith, the Christian faith be alive through a Muslim?

I don’t know enough about the Unitarians to comment one way or the other.

What happens if I say yes, the faith would still be alive if one Unitarian was alive?

What happens if I say no, a Unitarian doesn’t have the faith?
 
I think you may have missed this key point with regard to the article in the new advent site you referred me to

Which is evident by the Use of these books in Hebrews of the NT and also by CLement with regards to Edith and Ignatius. Early enough in Church history to view these books seriously. What you seem to be mistakenly thinking is that canon was only settled at the council of Trent is this phrase

It doesn’t mean that the consept of a settled canon was already established but more explicitly defined because there had been not real challenge to it since Jerome up until that time and primarily due to the reformers. You seem to think it was in some limbo state which isn’t true the artcle refers to Catholic acceptance of the LXX. Which the earliest listed collection of books of the LXX is dated to the fourth century. As far as Jerome he had to refute his own complaint about inclusion into the Vulgar latin translation or the common latin translation in his letter to apion.
Before I comment, please read my previous two posts on this issue and let me know what you think.
 
Even at Trent we see that there was still controversy surrounding the deuterocanonical books.

So even at Trent we see that the council fathers did not understand the councils of Hippo and Carthage as settling the canon of the OT. It would seem obvious that Trent was not just reaffirming Carthage and Hippo.
You clearly do not understand infallible declarations, traditions, or much of anything else when it comes to the canon of scripture.

Try understanding that it was not only Hippo and Carthage in the 4th century but also the Council of Rome and the Decree of Pope Damasus which concurred with Hippo and Carthage. No council of the Church subsequent to that time ever challenged the canon of scripture or offered a different canon as authentic.

The canon was already established prior to Trent. We see this evidenced after the 4th century and prior to Trent when examining the Council of Florence which states the following in the Bull of Union with the Copts(4 February 1442):
The Holy Roman Church … professes that one and the same God is the author of the old and the new Testament–that is, the law and the prophets, and the gospel–since the saints of both testaments spoke under the inspiration of the same Spirit. It accepts and venerates their books, whose titles are as follows:
Code:
  Five books of Moses, namely Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers, Deuteronomy
  Joshua, Judges, Ruth
  four books of Kings = 1 & 2 Samuel, 1 & 2 Kings]
  two of Paralipomenon = 1 & 2 Chronicles]
  Ezra, Nehemiah
  Tobit, Judith, Esther
  Job, Psalms of David, Proverbs, Ecclesiastes, Song of Songs
  Wisdom [of Solomon], Ecclesiasticus = Sirach]
  Isaiah, Jeremiah, Baruch, Ezekiel, Daniel
  the twelve minor prophets, namely
        Hosea, Joel, Amos, Obadiah, Jonah, Micah
        Nahum, Habakkuk, Zephaniah, Haggai, Zechariah, Malachi
  two books of the Maccabees
Code:
  the four gospels of Matthew, Mark, Luke and John
  fourteen letters of Paul
        to the Romans
        two to the Corinthians
        to the Galatians
        to the Ephesians
        to the Philippians
        two to the Thessalonians
        to the Colossians
        two to Timothy
        to Titus
        to Philemon
        to the Hebrews
  two letters of Peter
  three of John
  one of James
  one of Jude
  Acts of the Apostles
  Apocalypse of John
Now, it is important to understand that this canon was the established canon from the 4th century onward and NEVER became a point of argument or contention until Luther went off track at the start of the Reformation. At that point in time it became a necessity for the Church to make a formal “infallible declaration” of something that was already accepted as infallibly established even though not formally declared to be so.

The tradition of the Church concerning the canon was accepted throughout Christendom by way of the fourth century councils and the Decree of Damasus along with the Council of Florence and was the constant teaching of the Church. When this is the case there is no need for an infallible decree. When a challenge is launched that is leading people astray and causing confusion in the Church, it then becomes necessary for an infallible declaration to be made. The Reformation was just such an occasion that warranted an infallible declaration on the canon.
 
Before I comment, please read my previous two posts on this issue and let me know what you think.
ST. Augustine is obviously supporting the larger collection view for inclusion into canon. He was there at the time of the debate. As for the council of Trent its pretty simple when you consider that like most Catholic doctrine generally accepted beliefs aren’t throughly discussed and defined until challenged when all the arguments are again brought to the front. The LXX was generally accepted by Tradition because of use by the ECF but Trent was a counter to the reformation and commonly held beliefs had to be question and defined in answer to the reformers.
 
Now, it is important to understand that this canon was the established canon from the 4th century onward and NEVER became a point of argument or contention until Luther went off track at the start of the Reformation.
Go back and re-read my earlier two posts.

You are grossly exagerating your case whenyou say NEVER because it simply isn’t true. Even at Trent some of the council fathers rejected the deutero’s. Again, re=read my earlier posts.
newadvent.org:
The Latin Church
In the Latin Church, all through the Middle Ages we find evidence of hesitation about the character of the deuterocanonicals. There is a current friendly to them, another one distinctly unfavourable to their authority and sacredness, while wavering between the two are a number of writers whose veneration for these books is tempered by some perplexity as to their exact standing, and among those we note St. Thomas Aquinas. Few are found to unequivocally acknowledge their canonicity. **The prevailing attitude of Western medieval authors is substantially that of the Greek Fathers. The chief cause of this phenomenon in the West is to be sought in the influence, direct and indirect, of St. Jerome’s depreciating Prologus. **The compilatory “Glossa Ordinaria” was widely read and highly esteemed as a treasury of sacred learning during the Middle Ages; it embodied the prefaces in which the Doctor of Bethlehem had written in terms derogatory to the deuteros, and thus perpetuated and diffused his unfriendly opinion.
You don’t have to wait until the middle ages. The vulgate was sent out w/ Jerome’s derogatory comments concerning the canonocity of the deutero’s. If the issue was settled at Carthage or Hippo, why would the church send out the vulgate which contains disenting opinions concerning the canonocity of the deutero’s?

My point is simply that the OT canon was not settled at Carthage or Hippo.
 
ST. Augustine is obviously supporting the larger collection view for inclusion into canon. He was there at the time of the debate. As for the council of Trent its pretty simple when you consider that like most Catholic doctrine generally accepted beliefs aren’t throughly discussed and defined until challenged when all the arguments are again brought to the front. The LXX was generally accepted by Tradition because of use by the ECF but Trent was a counter to the reformation and commonly held beliefs had to be question and defined in answer to the reformers.
Augustine absolutely believed the deutero’s to be canonical. But, the point is that he didn’t see Carthage or Hippo as being having the authority to settle the OT canon and as you say, he was there.

I concede that the disputed books were used from the earlier councils to Trent but Carthage and Hippo didn’t settle the matter based on what I see.
 
Augustine absolutely believed the deutero’s to be canonical. But, the point is that he didn’t see Carthage or Hippo as being having the authority to settle the OT canon and as you say, he was there.

I concede that the disputed books were used from the earlier councils to Trent but Carthage and Hippo didn’t settle the matter based on what I see.
I think that the Bishop of Rome insistance that Jerome included the works was sufficient to the wider church and Augustine had an answer of support to those not so disposed. It was generally accepted from that point but not diffinatively.
 
I’ve read your posts, and I believe my statements put things in their proper perspective.
What proper perspective. You made the claim that there NEVER was any contention or argument over the deutero’s from the 4th century onward but the history of the council of Trent disproves that as does newadvent.org.

If the issue was settled, why…
a.) did the church send out the vulgate containing the prologues to the deutero’s which denied their canonicity? It seems strange that the church would contradict itself in this way.

b.) do we see the council fathers at Trent still taking issue with the canonocity of the deutero’s?

c.) did the church use the glossa ordinaire as it’s major study bible during the middle ages and remember the gloss containd Jerome’s derogatory comments as to the canoncity of the deutero’s?

I guess I could go on but I honestly don’t see how someone could say that the issue was settled.
 
I think that the Bishop of Rome insistance that Jerome included the works was sufficient to the wider church and Augustine had an answer of support to those not so disposed. It was generally accepted from that point but not diffinatively.
Why would the church allow Jerome’s prologues to remain in the vulgate since they denied the canonocity of the deutero’s?

I guess I’m not sure what you are saying. Could you re-phrase it…sorry for asking you to do more work but I don’t think I quite get you here.
 
What proper perspective. You made the claim that there NEVER was any contention or argument over the deutero’s from the 4th century onward but the history of the council of Trent disproves that as does newadvent.org.

If the issue was settled, why…
a.) did the church send out the vulgate containing the prologues to the deutero’s which denied their canonicity? It seems strange that the church would contradict itself in this way.

b.) do we see the council fathers at Trent still taking issue with the canonocity of the deutero’s?

c.) did the church use the glossa ordinaire as it’s major study bible during the middle ages and remember the gloss containd Jerome’s derogatory comments as to the canoncity of the deutero’s?

I guess I could go on but I honestly don’t see how someone could say that the issue was settled.
Please be advised that Jerome’s cautionary statements were simply an expression of his personal views at the time he wrote them. Jerome, nevertheless, accepted the Church’s authority on the matter and did not place his opinion above the declarations of the Church as did Luther.

The proof of the matter is not in your efforts to make something that is insignificant into something greater than it is.

The real proof boils down to a couple of things.
  1. Subsequent to the early councils the Church only allowed the approved books of the canon to be read at mass. That is hugely significant whether you know it or not.
  2. Not a single council ever declared a different canon. Comments by individuals are not decisions of a council nor are they the decisions of the Church. Theological speculations are made by Church theologians as they explore theological areas of study. Statements and doubts by theologians do not constitute the final teaching of the Church. When the Church makes the declarations by way of Councils, Papal and Magisterial Declarations then it becomes the official teaching of the Church.
You should take this information to heart and not try to inject speculations based upon a few expressed opinions which never were the official teachings of the Church.
 
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