Why does the Catholic Church (and any Christian religion) seem to relegate all persons who do not believe in Christ (as an actual part of God) to eternal damnation? Surely God would not really want all Jewish people and all Buddhists and all Muslims, etc to be excluded?
… I DO however doubt that Jesus is the only path to communication with God …
Jesus is God. So any communication and relationship with God necessarily involves communication with Jesus.
Jesus does indeed will that all be saved, every human being. He does not exclude the possibility of Muslims, Hindu, Buddhist, Jews, etc. in his salvation.
Nevertheless, those who
obstinately refuse to communicate with Him, to have a relationship with Him, reject that which is true and just, and in so doing risk eternal damnation. To the extent that they voluntarily refuse communion with the Lord, they are culpable.
However, we believe Jesus is a very merciful and just Lord, and it is He that will judge souls according to their deeds. Nobody accidently or unjustly goes to hell, simply because they believes something erroneously yet believe it in “good faith.”
Furthermore, Christ not only wills the salvation of all, but he gives his grace to all such that they can indeed believe in Christ and attain eternal salvation.
The Dogmatic Constitution on the Church,
Lumen Gentium, states:
Finally, those who have not yet received the Gospel are related in various ways to the people of God.(18*) … Those also can attain to salvation who through no fault of their own do not know the Gospel of Christ or His Church, yet sincerely ***seek God **and moved by grace strive by their deeds to do His will as it is known to them through the dictates of conscience.(19) (Lumen Gentium, 16)
[Footnotes:]
(18) Cfr. S. Thomas, Summa Theol. III, q. 8, a. 3, ad 1.
(19) Cfr. Epist. S.S.C.S. Officii ad Archiep. Boston.: Denz. 3869-72
This does not mean everyone
necessarily goes to heaven no matter
what they believe or do, as some seem to presume. Instead, the authentic sense of this passage is better understood by referring to the texts which are footnoted…
Footnote 18 explicitly cites the
Summa Theologica of St. Thomas Aquinas, which states,
“Those who are unbaptized, though not actually in the Church, are in the Church potentially. And this potentiality is rooted in two things–first and principally, in the power of Christ, which is sufficient for the salvation of the whole human race; secondly, in free-will.” (Summa Theologica, III, 8, 3)
Thus, Jesus both wills and gives his grace such that all can be saved. But salvation requires consent of the will, co-operating with the grace given.
St. Thomas, in the same article of the
Summa explains the various ways people are related to the Church:
We must therefore consider the members of the mystical body not only as they are in act, but as they are in potentiality. Nevertheless, some are in potentiality who will never be reduced to act, and some are reduced at some time to act…Christ is the Head of all men, but diversely. For, first and principally, He is the Head of such as are united to Him by glory; secondly, of those who are actually united to Him by charity; thirdly, of those who are actually united to Him by faith; fourthly, of those who are united to Him merely in potentiality, which is not yet reduced to act, yet will be reduced to act according to Divine predestination; fifthly, of those who are united to Him in potentiality, which will never be reduced to act; such are those men existing in the world, who are not predestined, who, however, on their departure from this world, wholly cease to be members of Christ.
continued…