Nobody is legally obligated to give their body for the direct use by another under any circumstance.
Legally, it isn’t given full baby status.
When babies die unexpectedly of unknown causes, they get an autopsy by the state.
When an embryo or fetus is miscarried, the parents are expected to pay several thousand dollars to a lab try to determine the cause of death. Hospitals will usually perform an autopsy once the woman has recurrent losses. Just as many “babies” die each year from unknown “natural” causes than die from elective abortion. And it’s
crickets from the pro-life community regarding
babies lost by spontaneous abortion (miscarriage).
As far as the baby’s body being used by the mother,
a medical abortion, which is done up to 10 weeks, disrupts the pregnancy process, so the there is no direct use of the embryo or fetus in the process. The embryo or fetus dies as a secondary result. A woman’s action to medically abort can be considered self-defense because pregnancy is quite dangerous to a woman’s health, even with sound medical care.
With surgical abortion, there is direct contact with the embryo or fetus and it is violent contact. There is a valid argument on the basis of bodily integrity/ autonomy that an embryo or fetus has the right to be free of such violence and the right to be “let alone”. It certainly has the right to be free of invasive research or torture or exposure harmful industrial environments while in the woman’s womb.
The woman could argue justifiable homicide as a form of self-protection with surgical abortion, but it isn’t the woman that is doing the procedure.
Ethically, for the last 2500 years in Western medicine, a doctor would be justified to perform an abortion in cases of medical necessity for termination of the pregnancy. Back in Hippocrates’ day, the original group professing the oath supposedly didn’t perform abortion at all, while abortion was done for what was deemed medical necessity was done by a later established group of physicians.
Btw, I’ve had many people get very angry at me when I argue the above points.
To most pro-lifers, especially pro-life legislators, it is only a baby or alive if it is inside of a woman’s body. To them, human zygotes and human embryos in the Petri dish aren’t human or living. They aren’t considered babies.
This is why many pro-choice supporters believe the pro-life stance is about power and control of women’s bodies and forced-birth.
I know that most pro-life Catholics here see the human zygote or embryo in a lab to be just as human as one in a woman’s uterus. But this is not the stance of most pro-life evangelicals for sure.
On a side note, most ob/gyns don’t perform elective abortion because they view the fetus as a developing human being. However, the younger doctors coming in are more willing to be trained to do abortion procedures because they see it as a necessary part of health care for women who miscarry or want elective abortion.