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All the bishops, except Kitchin of Llandaff, refused to take the corresponding oaths to the new Acts of Supremacy and Uniformity, and were deprived of their sees. They were replaced by a hierarchy installed according to the revived Edwardian Ordinal. From Barlow’s invalid consecration of the-new primate of Canterbury, Matthew Parker, on December 17, 1559, all Anglican prelates and clergy have derived their orders. The Catholic Bishop Bonner, indeed, challenged their validity; whereupon in 1564 the queen graciously issued a letter “supplying all defects.” She herself, however, showed scant respect for her prelates and “hedge priests.” All of the Catholic hierarchy died in prison except Kitchin, Heath of York, permitted to retire to his family estate, and Goldwell who escaped to the Continent where he died in 1585, last survivor of the Marian Catholic regime. Of some eight thousand beneficed clerics, six thousand took the required oaths, though some of these continued to say Mass in secret. About seven hundred resisted strongly; the others fled or resigned.
Anglican Orders * [From the Letter, “Apostolicae curae,” Sept. 13, 1896] 1963 In the rite of conferring and administering any sacrament one rightly distinguishes between the ceremonial part and the essential part, which is customarily called the matter and form. And all know that the sacraments of the New Law, as sensible and efficient signs of invisible grace, ought both to signify the grace which they effect, and effect the grace which they signify [see n. 695, 849]. Although this signification should be found in the whole essential rite, namely, in matter and form, yet it pertains especially to form, since the matter is the part not determined by itself, but determined by form. And this appears more clearly in the sacrament of orders, for the conferring of which the matter, insofar as it presents itself for consideration in this case, is the imposition of hands. This, of course, by itself signifies nothing, and is employed for certain 1964 orders, and for confirmation. Now, the words which until recent times were everywhere held by the Anglicans as the proper form of priestly ordination, namely, “Receive the Holy Spirit,” certainly do not in the least signify definitely the order of priesthood, or its grace and power, which is especially the power “of consecrating and of offering the true body and blood of the Lord,” in that sacrifice which is no “nude commemoration of the sacrifice offered on the Cross” [see n. 950]. Such a form was indeed afterwards lengthened by these words, “for the office and work of a priest”; but this rather convinces one that the Anglicans themselves saw that this first form was defective, and not appropriate to the matter. But the same addition, if perchance indeed it could have placed legitimate significance on the form, was introduced too late, since a century had elapsed after the adoption of the Edwardine