I have done no more than glance at this document. But that will, of course, not stop me from commenting.
I would define “well” as on their own, and earning enough to have a reasonable standard of living – healthy with the opportunity to be happy. I don’t know how to put much more meat on that right now.
Again, I have not read the g paper. But I will say that I think that intelligence is a little over rated, generally. Intelligence makes some things easier. A certain amount of intelligence is required for certain jobs, and therefore most of the financially very successfully are of above average intelligence. But there are many failing people that are quite intelligent. Successful people all think they are geniuses, but I have not seen any evidence that is true.
How much and what to work on is obviously important, and a big part of the solution for a lot of people. I used the word “lazy” in what was supposed to be somewhat tongue-in-cheek, but it obviously didn’t come through that way at all.
I don’t know that I believe that there is such a thing as laziness. The vast majority of people work hard enough to get what they want out of their work and life, and no harder. Those that want to be insanely succesfull call those of us happy with a house, a car, and cable TV lazy for not working 80 hours a week to do better. Many of the poor work very hard, but they often make bad decisions in that regard. They may not work through the right problems, or have not learned where their efforts should be applied. (Or they may been told by well meaning wonks that they are stupid and that no matter how hard they work they will fail anyway) For whatever reason, there are some that work at the wrong things and, yes, some that don’t work enough. I don’t judge any of them for any of that, they just need some help doing better. Many of them have not had the kinds of help that some in our society take for granted.