Techno2000:
Too vague, please give me an detailed example of this .
Malaria kills a high proportion of young children, before they reach sexual maturity. Malaria resistance, such as the HbS or HbC mutations, enable more children with those mutations to reach maturity and have children of their own. That puts more copies of those variants into the population of areas where malaria is prevalent.
Lactase persistence mutations allow adults to digest milk. That is an extra food source in areas where sheep, cattle, goats etc. are farmed. That extra food source is useful in times of famine, reducing deaths among those with the mutation relative to those without the mutation. Again, because of higher relative survival rates more copies of that variant appear in the population. Currently about one third of the human population has a lactase persistence variant.