Archbishop Lefebvre was only going to get ONE approval; he’d been told to pick one, and then wait for the approval. He felt he knew better than the Pope. He decided to ordain four.
If he’d ordained only one bishop, I doubt highly we’d have seen the society officially suppressed the way it was. Lefebvre wold still have been in trouble, but not have given the impression he was setting up a schismatic church. But by ordaining four vagante bishops, he gave the appearance of going into schism, and caused scandal as well; for a priest, both mortal sins.
And only** 5** men were excommunicated; the rest of the SSPX were merely suspended ad divinis. While that is a much harsher punishment than it first seems, it is not cutting them off from reception of the sacraments, just from performing them themselves licitly.
The concern of HH JP II was made public: he feared they were setting up to become a schismatic church. That the SSPX continued to set up and operate parishes after the suspension reinforces that view. The original excommunication calls the SSPX schismatic; HH Benedict XVI disagrees, and lifted the excommunications as the first step in the negotiations towards return to full ecclesiastical communion.
Locally, the adherents to the SSPX often hold a schismatic and/or remnant church mentality. But the SSPX is not an association of laity, only of clerics.
It’s established separate religious orders; again, that looks like an act of a schismatic group, not like a group merely in protest. Again, that action mirrors the action of the Old Catholics as well.
The SSPX also supports the actions of the SSJK, which is excommunicated as a whole. And that, too, mirrors the Old Catholic Schism…
I honestly think the best outcome would be for the traditionalists to have a separate chrch sui iuris from the general Roman Church Sui Iuris… separate hierarchs, separate liturgical praxis, and overlapping dioceses so that the anti-traditionalist bishops can not suppress their use of the EF.