[sign]Originally Posted by thistle
I have that but it does not say any parts of Bibles have been translated using the Dead Sea Scrolls.
The discovery of the Dead Sea Scrolls simply confirmed that scriptural text over the centuries had been largely copied correctly.[/sign]
Ok, I just realized that the
preface actually is online, I’ll quote it. 7th Paragraph:
“The Massoretic text of 1 and 2 Samuel has in numerous instances been corrected by the more ancient manuscripts Samuel a, b, and c from Cave 4 of Qumran, with the aid of important evidence from the Septuagint in both its oldest form and its Lucianic recension. Fragments of the lost Book of Tobit in Aramaic and in Hebrew, recovered from Cave 4 of Qumran, are in substantial agreement with the Sinaiticus Greek recension used for the translation of this book.”
The bit about the DSS largely confirming the present text is only partially accurate. If the scrolls were just more carbon copies, there wouldn’t be a need to make corrections based on them. The scrolls recovered at Qumran did verify the antiquity of quite a bit of the biblical text, but divergences also exist - sometimes agreeing with the Septuagint against the Massoretic, sometimes the reverse, and sometimes going it’s own way.
Here’s a chart that unfortunately only gives one side of the argument (I don’t know of one that shows where the DSS agree with the Massoretic.)
As I read the upper paragraph, and see that it is as quoted from the reference, it is clear, that though the translation might not be from the DSS, the DSS were consulted to judge between LXX and Massoretic.
Thus the DSS influenced the translation.
Thus they were part of the source material.
The DSS, in general seem to verify that LXX is superior to Massoretic, so here Greek is a better witness than the Hebrew, which is an artificial reconstruction.
As fo the NT, with the exception of the Gospels, I am content with Greek superiority, for want of better evidence, which I have not sought.
The Gospels however, we have, in Jerome’s own words, that he took the best Old Latin as his primary source, and only altered it where it differed in substance from the best Greek.
We have in the Codex Fuldensis Gospel, according to Victor of Capua, an ancient Latin harmonized Gospel, which good witnesses attribute to Ammonius of Alexandria, (d AD 220), so is a potential witness of the Latin of Carthage.
Picking the CF Gospel apart into its constituent parts, about 85% of both Matthew and John can be recovered, and about 50% of Luke. Only a tiny amount of Mark is recoverable.
It is however clear from these recovered texts, that both Jerome and Ammonius were using the same source material, for the differences between these two versions of the Gospels is tiny, even to the point that the assertion has been made that Jerome’s Gospels were used in the harmony. However, analizing the differences, where they occur, makes it quite clear that this is not the case, and thus the CF Gospel gives us a glimpse of the Old Latin before Jerome modified it.
This Old Latin, we can safely date to between AD 198 when Victorius Africanus Papa died, having commissioned the translation, Victorius originated in Carthage), and the witnessed appearance of these Gospels in Carthage in AD 200.
There are no reliably witnessed earlier complete Gospels than these in any language. The earliest Greek a hundred years later, and seems to be derived from this Old Latin, much as Jerome’s Gospels were later derived from the Greek, ie, they were ‘corrected’ using the Greek.