I actually find the case that Zoroastrianism influenced the development of Judaism tends to be overstated. To establish a good case for one religion influencing another certain requirements need to be met. First, the similarity in question needs to be a real similarity. Second, there needs to a place where the two religions would interact. I am not too familiar with Zoroastrianism, but I can speak on a general level about the similarities. There are two proposed similarities between Judaism and Zoroastrianism: the figure of Satan and the dualism of good and evil. There are other ways for the Satan figure to develop in Judaism apart from Zoroastrianism; on the other hand, these two religions are the only two we know in the Ancient Near East which can be said to have true morality. I have my doubts, but let us say for the sake of argument that there is a real similarity between Zoroastrianism’s and Judaism’s morality.
But we still must establish a plausible way for Zoroastrianism to affect the development of Judaism. There is so much uncertainty about when Zoroaster lived, and when his religion came to dominance (if ever) over its area in Ancient Iran. But even if it was well established as the top religion by the time of rise of the Persian Empire, it still is doubtful that it could have had much affect on Judaism. Persia is a long way away from Palestine and never really attempted to dominate the culture the way the Greeks did. Cyrus did conquer Babylon but then he let the Jews return to the land. Of course certain Jews remained in Babylon, but this developed into a sect which had noticeable distinctions from the sects in Palestine. Furthermore, the moral aspects of Judaism were probably very much already in development by the time they went into the exile.
In my opinion, there is no plausible link between Judaism and Zoroastrianism. There is no real reason to say there is either, unless you are trying to find a natural cause for the rise of moralism in Judaism. Now as to that God may have allowed the dominance of Zoroastrianism in order to help facilitate the future spread of the Gospel, this is entirely possible. We do serve a great God.
Of course a non-Christian religion doesn’t believe in the Eucharist
. The time frame that the resurrection undoubtedly enters Jewish thought seems rather late for it to be developed under Persian influence. As for the Messiah, even if it was not developed to the extent it was after the exile, you do see Messianic-like passages in the pre-exilic prophets. So, I will say that even if Judaism didn’t have a full blown Messiah Theology until they met the Persians, it seems likely to me they would have developed it on their own.