Quite recently some women, even among Catholics, have asserted a claim to the ministerial priesthood. This demand is based on an untenable assumption. The priestly ministry is not a function one approaches on the basis of sociological criteria or legal procedures, but only in obedience to the will of Christ. Now, Jesus has entrusted the task of the ministerial priesthood only to males. Although he invited some women to follow him and even sought their cooperation, he did not call or allow any of them to be part of the group he entrusted with the ministerial priesthood in his Church. His will is seen in his behavior as a whole, as well as in significant actions which Christian tradition has constantly interpreted as directions to be followed.
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The permanent and normative value of this practice cannot be contested by saying that Christ’s manifest will was due to the mentality of his time and to prejudice against women then and later. In reality, Jesus never conformed to a mentality unfavorable to women and indeed reacted against inequalities based on sexual differences. By calling women to follow him he showed that he went beyond the customs and outlook of his environment. If he reserved the ministerial priesthood to men, he did so with full freedom, and in his provisions and choices he took no stance unfavorable to women.
If a reason is sought as to why Jesus reserved admission to the ministerial priesthood to men, it can be discovered in the fact that the priest represents Christ himself in his relationship to the Church. Now, this relationship is spousal in nature: Christ is the bridegroom (cf. Mt 9:15; Jn 3:29; 2 Cor 11:2; Eph 5:25); the Church is the bride (cf. 2 Cor 11:2; Eph 5:25-27, 31-32; Rev 19:7; 21:9). Because the relationship between Christ and the Church is validly expressed in sacramental Orders, it is necessary that Christ be represented by a man. The distinction between the sexes is very significant in this case and cannot be disregarded without undermining the sacrament. Indeed, the specific nature of the sign used is essential to the sacraments. Baptism has to be performed with water that washes; it cannot be done with oil, which anoints, even though oil is more expensive than water. Analogously, the sacrament of Orders is celebrated with men, without questioning the value of persons. Thus, we can understand the Council’s teaching that priests are ordained “in such a way that they can act in the person of Christ the head” (PO 2), “exercising the office of Christ, the shepherd and head, and according to their share of his authority” (PO 6).
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We can close then by saying that Jesus, in not assigning the ministerial priesthood to women, did not put them in an inferior position, nor deprive them of a right that might be theirs, nor violate woman’s equality with man. Rather, he acknowledged and respected their dignity. By instituting the ministerial priesthood for men, he did not intend to make them superior but to call them to a humble service modeled on that of the Son of Man (cf. Mk 10:45; Mt 20:28). By assigning woman a mission corresponding to her personality, he elevated her dignity and confirmed the right to her own originality in the Church too.