In Catholicism, literal has never meant literalistic.
I disagree here. If literal doesn’t mean literalistic than what does it mean? Human beings generally communicate to others in speech or writing their thoughts in the literal sense of the words. Otherwise, human communication between humans would be impossible if they only spoke in metaphors. It is in the sense of the literal meaning of words that I think Pope Leo XIII was referring too in the encyclical Providentissimus deus which other posters have already pointed out here where he sets down as a general rule of the interpretation of Holy Scripture following St Augustine “not to depart from the literal and obvious sense, except only where reason makes it untenable or necessity requires.”
To get the “literal” sense simply means identifying what the author, via the Holy Spirit, is intending to convey.
I agree. Here we can apply the rule just mentioned for starters which involves simply the normal means of human communication in speech or writing through the literal sense of the words conveyed.
Example in point: To take Genesis literally in its creation account is not equivalent to saying Earth was created in six 24-hour days. Rather, it means taking literally what the author is asserting, via his writing style, genre, cultural context, intentions, and so on.
I agree that the sacred writer may not be asserting in the Genesis seven day creation account that God created the heavens and the earth and everything in them in six 24 hour days. My personal opinion is that the sacred writer is indeed not asserting this. However, whether it took six 24 hour days, several thousand or several billion years, I do believe Moses or the sacred writer is asserting that the whole of creation, the heavens and the earth and seas and all the creatures filling these bodies, animate or inanimate, is God’s work, his direct creative activity.
“Thus the heavens and the earth were finished, and all the host of them. And on the seventh day God finished his work which he had done…in creation” (Gen. 2: 1,3). I don’t see any other possible interpretation without pure speculative allegorizing.
A case in point. 'And God said, “Let the waters bring forth swarms of living creatures, and let birds fly above the earth across [under] the face of the firmament of the heavens” (Gen. 1: 20). St Thomas Aquinas teaches that to eliminate the error that the marine animals or birds were created or made either by angels or any other created secondary agent or cause such as from the physical/material world (evolutionary theory) other than God, Moses immediately adds " So
God created the great sea monsters and every living creature that moves, with which the waters swarm, according to their kinds, and every winged bird according to its kind" (Gen. 1: 21). The same is to be said for the other works of the six days where it is said “And God said, Let there be…” this or that followed by “And God created or made.”