Brendan:
Yes, because it was completely unacceptable.
The Japanese effectively wanted a cease fire, lines to remain where they were and their facist government to remain intact.
They were ‘offering’ to retain control their conqured parts of China, Korea and Vietnam.
Incorrect, the only real conditional term was that the emperor remain the emperor (another was for the home islands remaining a part of Japan). Aside from that the surrender was to be unconditional. The Japanese forces would cease hostilities, they would remain where they were, BUT, an imposition was placed on them to obey the Commanding General of the United States Army and other authorities when they decided what the Japanese forces should do next. Prisoners of War that they held were to be released and organized for their return home.
You can read the final documents
here.
If you wish to argue that prior to the official surrender that the Japanese may have tried to have other conditions, that is granted (Though the only known conditions were of course the emperor and that they retain their home islands if possible). However an undeniable fact is that the Japanese knew the war for them was futile, and knowing that the Russians would soon be upon them too surrender was the only option they could afford and a peace party was beginning. At first the Japanese were asking the Russians to renew a neutrality pact, but it became clear they wouldn’t.
There was already some dialogue going on so it was only a matter of time. No more American lives would’ve been lost as by that time, the scheduled operation to land troops onto Japan was believed to never have to happen, although some consensus was that the Japanese might have held out for 2 years longer and the bombs might speed up the process, no doubt. The allies had the policy of ‘unconditional surrender’ but could find some way around it if the situation warranted it, this was apparently said that this was bent a little for Italy’s surrender. All that needed to be done was negotiate. The Japanese knew about the ‘inconditional surrender’ the US insisted on, they would not press for anything further than retaining what was originally theirs. In the end despite the bombing, this never changed. The wording was that the emperor and Japanese government to rule would be subject to the Supreme Commander of the Allied Forces who would decide what is proper. The American terms are
here. The ultimate form of government would be according to the will of the Japanese people. In other words it was pretty much a guarantee that the emperor would be retained.
At any point, the Japanese surrender according to agreeable tenets was all possible, nothing really changed unless I’m mistaken, between the original conditions asked for and the end result. There was no reason for the dropping of the atomic bombs on Japan for surrender or saving additional American lives though the last part maybe arguable. Gen. Dwight Eisenhower, the Commander in Chief of allied forces in Europe wrote in his autobiography*,“I was one of those who felt that there were a number of cogent reasons to question the wisdom of such an act… The Secretary, upon giving me the news of the successful bomb test in New Mexico, and of the plan for using it, asked for my reaction, apparently expecting a vigorous assent. During the recitation of the relevant facts, I had been conscious of a feeling of depression, and so I voiced to him my grave misgivings, first on the basis of my belief that Japan was already defeated and that dropping the bomb was completely unnecessary, and secondly because I thought that our country should avoid shocking world opinion by the use of a weapon whose employment, I thought no longer mandatory as a measure to save American lives. It was my belief that Japan was, at that very moment, seeking some way to surrender with a minimum loss of ‘face.’ The Secretary was deeply perturbed by my attitude, almost angrily refuting the reasons I gave for my quick conclusions.”*
While the possibility of Japan holding out was an argument (though the military commanders fighting against Japan disagreed). The decisions to drop the bombs were mostly made at the politician level, we can also say Churchill would have been involved with this. The scientists who worked on the Manhatten Project themselves were opposed to using the weapon. The biggest reason for using the bomb at all had to do with the Soviet Union, which is a story for another time.