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Guest
So what percentage did Vatican I mean? 99% certain? 67%? 51%? Can you imagine Pius IX sitting there with an abacus? Come on…Again, knowing something by reason alone IS NOT THE SAME thing as having 100% certitude.
I can know some things about you by using my intellect and powers of reason and deduction, but I DO NOT HAVE 100% certainty of these things.
It is “certain,” plain and simple. Just like the square triangle example… The perfect certainty of the existence of God is a direct result of apprehending the most basic truths about the laws of being and what they immediately lead to. It is decidedly different from your other examples, which are plainly NOT certain, but are just extremely likely. As Thomas tells us, once you understand it, it becomes SELF EVIDENT.
The difference between “knowledge” and “certain knowledge” would come down to the way the “truth” element can be verified in the definition I offered (justified true belief formed virtuously in a favorable environment)… Can it simply be verified by examining the actual formation of the belief itself? If so, then it is certain. If not, then it is not certain, and it must be verified empirically in order for one to be sure of his knowledge. Then it would become certain, I suppose, but in a different way.
PR - It might be easier for you to admit simply that you made a mistake.