I’ve been studying Calvinism some over the past few months. I was raised Southern Baptist, while there are SB who are Calvinist, by and large Southern Baptist are not Calvinist and doesn’t teach Calvinism.
To expound on the TULIP.
Total Depravity doesn’t mean that someone has the inability to do good. It means that we are spiritually dead and unable to save ourselves. As a result of being spiritually dead even the good we do is " are as filthy rags". We have the ability in our power to be a good and moral person due to cultural or even religious teachings. But until we are regenerated by the Holy Spirit we are spiritually dead. Because we are spiritually dead we don’t have the ability to choose God, dead people can’t make a choice.
Unconditional Election means that because we are spiritually dead God chooses those He will save. He chooses to regenerate his “elect” and bring life in them (spiritually). Those he bring to life spiritually he gives Spiritual gifts. All who has been regenerated get the gift of faith… Faith is not a choice we make, it is the Gift of God through which the elect have been saved (justified), are being saved (sanctified) and will be saved (glorified). The evidence of faith is a changed heart, obedience to God and good works. Other spiritual gifts are more specific including preaching, teaching, mercy, and a whole host of things that enable and call some to serve in specific ways. Evangelism is the means by which God uses us to call and reveal His elect.
Limited Atonement is the part most American Evangelicals have a hard time with, including myself. This means that Christ sacrifice on the cross was for only the elect and not for everyone. The thought is that if Christ died for everyone then everyone would be saved.
Irresistible Grace means that the Elect cannot resist the grace of God. However, it is not God holding a gun to our head and making us believe. It is God showing us His beauty and Glory and us being overwhelmed by God. It is like us seeing the most beautiful thing imaginable and instinctively reaching out for it to touch it.
Perseverance of the Saints means that those who are truly elect, who have truly been regenerated and truly have faith, will not fall away from the faith. They may go through times of sin but the truly “born again” will always repent and always “live by faith”. If someone renounces their faith it means they aren’t part of the elect. They may have had an emotional experience or intellectual understanding or religious activity but the falling away means they didn’t have a genuine faith and therefore aren’t part of the elect.
I am by no means an expert on Calvinism but from my reading those are my understandings. If someone else can clarify or correct then I will by no means be offended.