The answer to your question is FREE WILL. You did mention that Catholicism’s theology says that one is born again at baptism, but failed to mention that baptism is our initial justification whereby sanctifying grace is given to us, John 3:5, Titus 3:5. Justification is a process not a one-time punctiliar only act (unless one dies on their death bed I suppose). Therefore, after baptism we still retain concupiscience (the tendency to sin) and after our baptism we can still commit actual sin by our own free will and through our own volition and since justfication is a process, we can still sin our way to hell.
We have free will, so even though we received sanctifying grace after baptism doesn’t make baptism a sure road to salvation for we can still freely choose to follow Christ or to not.
Justification is a past event…
1 Corinthians 6:11 NAS95 11 Such were some of you; but you were washed, but you were sanctified, but you were justified in the name of the Lord Jesus Christ and in the Spirit of our God.
Romans 5:1 NAS95 1 Therefore, having been justified by faith, we have peace with God through our Lord Jesus Christ,
Not a process - a legal declaration declaring the sinner righteous - it is a status - NOT GUILTY.
This is supported by scriptures like Romans 7:1-6
Romans 7:1-6 NAS95 1 Or do you not know, brethren (for I am speaking to those who know the law), that the law has jurisdiction over a person as long as he lives? 2 For the married woman is bound by law to her husband while he is living; but if her husband dies, she is released from the law concerning the husband. 3 So then, if while her husband is living she is joined to another man, she shall be called an adulteress; but if her husband dies, she is free from the law, so that she is not an adulteress though she is joined to another man. 4 Therefore, my brethren,
you also were made to die to the Law through the body of Christ, so that you might be joined to another, to Him who was raised from the dead, in order that we might bear fruit for God. 5 For while we were in the flesh, the sinful passions, which were aroused by the Law, were at work in the members of our body to bear fruit for death. 6 But now we have been released from the Law, having died to that by which we were bound, so that we serve in newness of the Spirit and not in oldness of the letter.
Just as the woman was loosed from the law of her husband - and could not be called an adultress…we die to the law and cannot be charged with sin…Therefore…
Romans 8:1 NAS95 1 Therefore there is now no condemnation for those who are in Christ Jesus.
Romans 8:33 NAS95 33 Who will bring a charge against God’s elect? God is the one who justifies;
At the rebirth we are perfected not for a short time - but forever…
Hebrews 10:14 KJV 14 For by one offering he hath perfected for ever them that are sanctified.
Washed…
John 13:8-10 KJV 8 Peter saith unto him, Thou shalt never wash my feet. Jesus answered him, If I wash thee not, thou hast no part with me. 9 Simon Peter saith unto him, Lord, not my feet only, but also my hands and my head. 10 Jesus saith to him, He that is washed needeth not save to wash his feet, but is
clean every whit: and ye are clean, but not all.
We are not in our sins anymore…married to Christ and dead to the law…
1 Corinthians 15:17 KJV 17 And if Christ be not raised, your faith is vain;
ye are yet in your sins.
But those that are in Christ are not in their sins…they are freed from the law and it’s penalty since they are in Christ. Justification is past tense and that interpretation meshes well with scripture…
John 5:24 KJV 24 Verily, verily, I say unto you, He that heareth my word, and believeth on him that sent me, hath everlasting life, and shall not come into condemnation; but is passed from death unto life.