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Several emperors favoured Arianism and made its dissemination possible in the Church. So the spread of Arianism was rooted in power politics and not in faith. The heresy was imposed upon faithful Catholics, most of whom rejected its doctrines. The Arians tactfully gained the emperor’s favour and sympathy after their teachings were condemned and rejected by the Council of Nicea. Constantius ll was a dedicated Arian. He allowed the heretical bishops to convene councils and ratify their doctrines, deposing the orthodox Catholics who opposed them. Athanasius had already been deposed as Bishop of Alexandria by Constantine the Great because of his opposition to Arianism. The emperor was swayed by his sister who had sympathized with the Arians. He allowed the return of exiled Arian bishops and endorsed the depositions of other bishops who embraced Arianism. As a result, by interfering with the autonomy of the Church, he unjustly removed and replaced legitimate bishops. His son, Constantius ll, carried on by intimidating several western bishops who opposed Arianism at the synods of Arles (353) and Mediolanum (355). He exiled many prelates who opposed his decrees, including Pope Liberius, who was invalidly replaced by the antipope Felix ll. The emperor’s actions emboldened the Arian bishops to convene the synod of Sirmium, held in the imperial residence. The bishops decreed “there ought to be no mention” of the controverted terms of ‘substantia’, ‘ousia’, and ‘homoousios’ and rejected the Nicene Creed formulated at the Council of Nicea. Following the deaths of the pro-Arian emperors Constantius and Valens, Emperor Theodosius, in 381, gave his blessing to the First Council of Constantinople which ratified the decrees of the Council of Nicea. The 150 bishops in attendance, with representation from Rome, confirmed the Nicene Creed and officially condemned the several forms of Arianism as heretical. When Pope Liberius returned from exile, he annulled all the heretical decrees passed by the invalid councils of the pro-Arian emperors.During this six-year period a large number of councils were held, in the course of which the Arian cause finally triumphed. The synod of Sirmium, held in 357, condemned the word ousios as being unscriptural and proscribed both the words homo- and homoiousios.
Pax vobiscum
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