To build off of Rich’s list:
- Poverty
- Racial discrimination
- Lack of a home environment conducive to success in school or at job acquisition.
- Lack of sufficient funding for schools predominantly attended by minorities.
“Racial discrimination” is actually an umbrella term for a whole host of inequities built into the system, from discrimination in practices of hiring, in the criminal justice system, in housing segregation, to less egregious examples of discrimination that, taken as a whole, can contribute to the feeling of being a second-class citizen (being watched suspiciously in a store, being stopped more often when driving, having difficulty hailing a cab, etc.).
And, keep in mind, we’re not
just talking about all of these problems as problems that sprung into being with this generation. Most of these problems have their roots in older problems, like actual slavery, in the more in-your-face versions of racism that existed in generations past (including outright lynchings), and in the construction of minorities as Other and as second-class citizens. These problems are additionally exacerbated by the current state of the economy – when there are not as many jobs to be had, even by people who have more opportunities for education – and an increase in illegal immigrant labor, which takes more jobs away from an already starved job market.
Now, any of these issues, in isolation, could greatly contribute to a group being oppressed, but all of them, taken together, have produced a vast disparity between races that is only just starting to get better.
So no, we’re not talking about “let’s help out the poor!” or “let’s help out people from broken homes!” or “let’s help out anyone who’s ever had trouble hailing a cab!” We’re talking about a massive, wide-spread web of inequality that can’t be reduced to any one particular problem, but that produces effects that we, as a society, don’t like.
Obviously, I’m not saying that
every minority faces
all of these problems, just as I’m not trying to claim that no white person has any serious problems. Again, this is a broad, societal issue. Looking at it in the big picture, there are serious inequities in the system and serious problems. People are
not starting with equal advantages, so it is
absolutely racial discrimination to treat them as if they do have those equal advantages. Think of it as discrimination of omission.
Now, the question is, what are we going to do about it? We could do nothing. That’s an option. As I noted, unfairness, inequality, and discrimination are parts of life, and you’re always going to have it, so one option here is to just say, “Oh well, too bad.”
But such a response is short-sighted and, in the long run, will probably be bad for society. Any plan that involves essentially ignoring the serious plight of a significant segment of the population is, generally speaking, a pretty stupid plan in the long run. So, being the kind of people who want to avoid stupid plans, we decide to do something.
So what shall we do? Well, hold on to your hats, this may be a radical suggestion, but: how about we
take those inequalities into consideration when we make decisions about certain things that have to do with social advancement? They won’t be the be-all and end-all of the decision-making process, of course. But they’ll be taken into consideration.
Someone who comes from a background that is more likely to have had fewer advantages is given a bit more of a break than someone who comes from a background that is more likely to have a whole lot more advantages. Now is that “discrimination”? Of course – we already said that there’s always going to be discrimination. We decided already that this new kind of discrimination was better than the other kind discrimination we had, which we concluded would probably be “stupid” and a “bad plan” in the long run. Remember all this? OK, good, try to stay with me.
Now, is this new plan “unfair”? Maybe, in some circumstances. Again, life is unfair, so you’re not going to have perfect fairness. Under any plan, you’ll
always be able to find a handful of sob stories and oh-woe-is-me stories. But we’re not focusing on individuals here: the point is society, the big picture, social effects.
And in the big picture, this kind of policy is more conducive to addressing those inequities and making the kinds of change we want.
Sheesh. Don’t make me explain it again.