Free will of the infant in infant baptism

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Are you suggesting that a person who is baptised as an infant, raised in Catholic tradition and with education encompassing all areas of the faith, makes the usual sacraments, but who is not a believer as an adult has just as much chance of getting to heaven as those of you who are firm believers? I am talking about someone who rejects Church teachings. (assuming they never do reach a point of believing)
 
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“Should” is not imperative
The Pope didn’t say that sentence in English. He said : “Non bisogna rifiutare mai il Battesimo…” which doesn’t translate with “one shouldn’t refuse baptism…”, but with “never refuse baptism…”

I am not fluent in Italian (just enough to order at a restaurant and follow along the psalms and readings in one of my favorite monasteries), but I recall one of my first lessons which was precisely how about “non bisogna” didn’t mean, like it does in French (“il n’y a pas besoin de”), “no need to…” but “do not”. If that wasn’t enough, “mai” means “never”.
 
Are you suggesting that a person who is baptised as an infant, raised in Catholic tradition and with education encompassing all areas of the faith, makes the usual sacraments, but who is not a believer as an adult has just as much chance of getting to heaven as those of you who are firm believers? I am talking about someone who rejects Church teachings. (assuming they never do reach a point of believing)
I am not the arbiter of a person’s eternal disposition. Only God is. And I don’t believe in calculations like “I have a better chance than you…etc”. Christ, if nothing else, asks us to stop calculating our wages and love.

Eternal bliss is to know God, to be united to God and the whole of humanity through Christ, with Christ, and in Christ.

Baptism is the gateway to eternal life. If you reject Christ, you know the reasons why. If you are of ill-will to Christ and others, then you are living in ill-will, or bad faith, or whatever you’d like to call it.

If you were abused by parents who distorted the Catholic faith, for instance, then culpability is probably not present. This would be a situation where one did not freely choose to reject Christ, necessarily.

No one can parse all the bad things that can happen, and that’s not the point of Gospel to spell out our damnation.
The Gospel is good news. Freedom. Faith. Hope. Love.
 
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The child’s consent is, in effect, suspended until he reaches maturity and he is given the opportunity to affirm his choice to be Catholic at confirmation. Prior to that he lacks the maturity to excercise his free will and on his behalf, the parents, godparents and church welcome him into the faith and promise to teach and look over his faith life.
 
Well that will be news to a lot of Bishops, Priests, Nuns, and theologians (and, dare I say it, many here at CAF). Glad that is the way you see it, though.
 
a priest, or any ‘baptizer’ cannot see the heart, and so cannot know if there is “active desire”. A priest can only know the “request”
The wonderful thing about baptism, is that there are two participants, God and the one being baptized. We can be confident then that at least one of the two participants - God - will always have that active desire. God always hold up his end of the bargain, he always means the sacrament. I heard someone say that during infant baptism, God makes a commitment to the infant; but the infant, when it is old enough, can choose to embrace what God has already chosen to give them, or reject it. God may never stop loving us even if we reject him, but I think he REALLY wants to be loved in return. Just as we want from each other.

The fact that we have a yearly chance to reaffirm our baptismal vows illustrates that God wants our active desire, he wants us to choose to love him back. Otherwise we could fulfill the great commission by standing on the sidewalk and spraying people with holy water…
 
As Circumcision was the sign of the Old Covenant and of entrance into the people of God, so is baptism the sign of the New Covenant. A baby being circumcised didn’t have a choice, but was brought into the family of God and the Old Covenant without its consent. Similar to baptism. That’s one way I view it.

God Bless
 
Well that will be news to a lot of Bishops, Priests, Nuns, and theologians (and, dare I say it, many here at CAF). Glad that is the way you see it, though.
ok, what specifically are you talking about.
I just quoted you the catechism twice.
c’mon,.
 
What I am saying is it is wrong for parents to decide their offspring’s spirtual journey through this life. They have a right, perhaps, to decide what spiritual direction they will use to guide their child to adulthood. They don’t have a right to obligate the child through that child’s entire life.

How many times do we read here, “A baptised Catholic is obligated to marry in the Catholic Church”. That is Church teaching. Now the person who has rejected the Church really doesn’t care what the Church has to say about it. However, there are consequences. Family shunning family. These things happen. It is a big ball of relationship mess, and all because the Church assumes the authority of telling an infant what it is going to be in life.

I disagree with it. That is all I am saying. I know people justify it all day, every day. Still, I disagree with it.
 
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What I am saying is it is wrong for parents to decide their offsprings spirtual journey through this life. They have a right, perhaps, to decide what spiritual direction they will use to guide their child to adulthood. They don’t have a right to obligate the child through that child’s entire life.

How many times do we read here, “A baptised Catholic is obligated to marry in the Catholic Church”. That is Church teaching. Now the person who has rejected the Church really doesn’t care what the Church has to say about it. However, there are cosequences. Family shunning family. These things happen. It is a big ball of mess, and all because the Church assumes the authority of telling an infant what it is going to be in life.

I disagree with it. That is all I am saying. I know people justify it all day, every day. Still, I disagree with it.
I’m sorry you have had such negative experiences of Christianity.
What I am saying is it is wrong for parents to decide their offsprings spirtual journey through this life. They have a right, perhaps, to decide what spiritual direction they will use to guide their child to adulthood. They don’t have a right to obligate the child through that child’s entire life.
By imperfect analogy, some parents leave their children large sums of wealth. They might set up a large trust fund when the child is born or when they are young.

All at the same time this wealth
1 gives the child freedom and opens up a privileged life of possibilities
2 opens up responsibilities that come with this gratuitous windfall, that the child did not specifically ask for.
Some kids might snort the money up their nose. Should the parents not give good things out of fear of the future?

If you hope for anything wonderful in life, it opens up responsibilities concomitant with the goodness that is possible. We don’t float off into the clouds without a struggle, neither should we be crushed by the prospect of growing up in responsibility either.
 
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What I am saying is it is wrong for parents to decide their offspring’s spirtual journey through this life. They have a right, perhaps, to decide what spiritual direction they will use to guide their child to adulthood. They don’t have a right to obligate the child through that child’s entire life.

How many times do we read here, “A baptised Catholic is obligated to marry in the Catholic Church”. That is Church teaching. Now the person who has rejected the Church really doesn’t care what the Church has to say about it. However, there are consequences. Family shunning family. These things happen. It is a big ball of relationship mess, and all because the Church assumes the authority of telling an infant what it is going to be in life.

I disagree with it. That is all I am saying. I know people justify it all day, every day. Still, I disagree with it.
@JMMJ

In my opinion, when we disagree with something, I think it is important to always look at the broader picture and where a train of thought leads.

If you disagree with parents baptizing an infant because the infant might not like it later in life, then what are parents allowed to do? I’ve worked in schools and seen lots of young people and the decisions parents make everyday of their lives impact their child:

What they believe
Where they live
The daily routine
The schedules of the parents
The neighborhood
The cultural background
Money
The rigor or lack of rigor towards education
Etc. etc.

So baptism is just a natural part of a Catholic parent raising their child as a Catholic. A Muslim raises their child as a Muslim. An apatheist raises their child as an apatheist. An old school communist raises their child with old school communist values. Many protestants don’t baptize infants, then they still raise them from early childhood with all of their values and religious beliefs.

It’s just the most basic structure of society that parents raise their children with a set of values and beliefs, including participating in their religious life. There is the absurd notion from some radicals that all parents in the world should raise children to be “neutral” but this is extremely flawed because there is no such thing as neutral; it’s just a subversive way of somebody saying that they want other people’s children to be raised how they want them to be raised, and of course history is very familiar with this idea of controlling and manipulating the youth with 19th century socialism, 20th century fascism, etc.
 
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Parents who are baptizing their children in the Catholic Church believe that that is the first step in the path to eternal life with God. Of course they want that for their children!

The path to salvation may look a little different for someone who has been baptized than for someone who hasn’t, but the basics of how to live your life are the same.

Social consequences for marrying outside of the Church are not generally going to be better or worse if someone is not baptized as an infant. People are going to care in a Catholic family no matter what, and any negative actions or shunning might be accelerated if people know that the parents did not baptize their child.
 
What about someone like me who rejects many church teachings even though they were taught to me? (rhetorical question. I know what the Church teaches).
Good ‘rhetorical’ question. The answer is: it depends.

Primarily, it depends on whether you’re culpable for your rejection of the Church’s teaching.
As was said above: “the translator saw fit to capture the Pope’s intent as subjunctive, and not as a command.”
This is getting tiresome. Have you read what the article says about the very words of the pope, or only their commentary on it? (Yes, I quoted the commentary, but also included the link to the article.)
Here’s a more complete quotation, in case you haven’t looked:
In words that may be interpreted to rebut Catholic priests who refuse to baptize children of same-sex couples, Pope Francis has said that priests should not refuse baptism to anyone who asks for the sacrament.

Speaking in a homily Sunday for the ordination of 19 new priests for the diocese of Rome, Francis told the new ministers: “With baptism, you unite the new faithful to the People of God. It is never necessary to refuse baptism to someone who asks for it!”
So, here’s the thing: the commentator will say what he wishes. However, when he’s reporting on what the Pope says, we should look to the pope’s words. Francis doesn’t use the word “should”, so your arguments dissolve into nothingness. The pope says – even in translation! – “it is never necessary to refuse baptism”.

No “should”.
No “subjunctive”.
And therefore… no “option given to the priest.”

I hope this resolves your problems with the issue.
 
So, what are you saying? Being slow on the uptake, I don’t get it.
Footnotes do not a catechism make. Foot notes are solely opinions which do not directly oppose the Church and nothing more. How they got into the NAB remains a mystery.
???
 
Thank you everybody for all the enthusiastic and insightful responses! Very edifying and inspiring to see all the responses! Praise God for the gift of community!

I will summarize the points brought up for further discussion. My main aim is really to find consistency and coherence across all the mentioned facts/beliefs. So, I am very grateful that all of your support in aligning and reconciling the supposed differences that I am going to highlight below.

A summary of all the learning points (i.e. truth) I gathered from the discussion and further points of clarification:

1. Truth in my opinion: Catholic parents have the responsiblity to raise their children as Catholic. (Similarly, parents have the right to support their children in survival needs.) Parents surely should support their child in their best capacity, all in the best interest of the child, independent of how the child will respond and grow in future (be it spiritual, physical, etc).

But, this is separate from the question I have, which is very specific to “Infant Baptism”. My understanding of baptism, no doubt is a gift of grace from God, always requires faith and the free will and cooperation of the individual. Why does it not apply in “Infant Baptism”? @Gorgias @TK421 @CorydonMundi @John_Martin @JMMJ @Angel_Bradford @fhansen @Kindnessmatters @SeekerOfTruth7 @jan10000
1253 Baptism is the sacrament of faith.54 But faith needs the community of believers. It is only within the faith of the Church that each of the faithful can believe. The faith required for Baptism is not a perfect and mature faith, but a beginning that is called to develop. The catechumen or the godparent is asked: “What do you ask of God’s Church?” The response is: “Faith!” https://www.vatican.va/archive/ccc_css/archive/catechism/p2s2c1a1.htm
What is Faith?

The freedom of faith
160 To be human, "man’s response to God by faith must be free, and. . . therefore nobody is to be forced to embrace the faith against his will. The act of faith is of its very nature a free act."39 "God calls men to serve him in spirit and in truth. Consequently they are bound to him in conscience, but not coerced. . . This fact received its fullest manifestation in Christ Jesus."40 Indeed, Christ invited people to faith and conversion, but never coerced them. "For he bore witness to the truth but refused to use force to impose it on those who spoke against it. His kingdom. . . grows by the love with which Christ, lifted up on the cross, draws men to himself."41
https://www.vatican.va/archive/ccc_css/archive/catechism/p1s1c3a1.htm
Help me to understand this:
Baptism is never administered without faith: in the case of infants, it is the faith of the Church.
http://www.vatican.va/roman_curia/c..._cfaith_doc_19801020_pastoralis_actio_en.html
 
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*Tag @Dewey83 for Point 1

2. Sacraments of Christian Initiation includes Baptism, Confirmation, and Eucharist.

Beyond historical development, I begin to question the practice of Confirmation and Eucharist immediately after Infant Baptism by the Eastern Traditions. The Sacrament of Confirmation is sometimes called the “sacrament of Christian maturity”. This is logical and possible for individuals who has a prior maturation of faith initiated by the baptism of desire to receive all the Sacraments of Christian Initiation following RCIA/RCIY. But, for infants, how does the maturation of faith work in the Eastern Traditions? @Angel_Bradford @CoffeeCatholic @Gorgias
1308 Although Confirmation is sometimes called the “sacrament of Christian maturity,” we must not confuse adult faith with the adult age of natural growth, nor forget that the baptismal grace is a grace of free, unmerited election and does not need “ratification” to become effective. St. Thomas reminds us of this:

Age of body does not determine age of soul. Even in childhood man can attain spiritual maturity: as the book of Wisdom says: "For old age is not honored for length of time, or measured by number of years. "Many children, through the strength of the Holy Spirit they have received, have bravely fought for Christ even to the shedding of their blood.126 https://www.vatican.va/archive/ccc_css/archive/catechism/p2s2c1a2.htm
 
  1. Truth in my opinion: God is always loving, merciful and just. It is possibly beyond us to judge if an individual, baptised or unbaptised, will be saved ultimately. Because we lack the capacity to judge the living and the dead, so we will leave it to God. What we can do is to love God and His people in our best capacity, at any stage of our lives (including as infants, as parents, etc). @fhansen
4. Who can baptise? How do we know who to baptise? Are we always called to baptise?

The baptismal grace comes from God. The person who baptise, be it a clergyman or in emergency situation, a layperson, is a vessel/instrument of God to baptise the candidate. Baptism will require both the person who baptise and the candidate who is baptised to freely cooperate and partake in the sacrament of Baptism in their best capacity in accordance to God’s will. (Consistent with what Pope Francis mentioned) @John_Martin @Gorgias
1284 In case of necessity, any person can baptize provided that he have the intention of doing that which the Church does and provided that he pours water on the candidate’s head while saying: “I baptize you in the name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Spirit.” https://www.vatican.va/archive/ccc_css/archive/catechism/p2s2c1a1.htm
5. Truth in my opinion: Baptism marks the initiation of a Christian life, liberated from sins by the grace of God, living freely in Christ.

I agree with you, freedom is not simply freely doing whatever we want, by freely choosing to live and grow in our unique image of God, consistent with our identity as a child of God. But, my question lies in infant baptism. (Refer to point 1) @goout

We are always free to choose how we want to respond and act. But, we are never free to choose the outcomes of our actions/responses (i.e. the consequences). As long as we act in our best capacity in accordance to God’s will, we faithfully believe that God who is ever wise, just and loving, will lead us uniquely to Him. Morality and Laws are a manifestation of God’s wisdom beyond our limited wisdom, hence, we follow faithfully and prudently in our best capacity. @JMMJ @Gorgias @Jesuslover
6. [Code of Canon Law Can. 99]: Whoever habitually lacks the use of reason is considered not responsible for oneself (non sui compos) and is equated with infants.
[http://www.vatican.va/archive/cod-iuris-canonici/eng/documents/cic_lib1-cann96-123_en.html]
Now, this opens up another question I have. My understanding of the natural physiological process of life is as such that once a person is dying or close to death, they will end up in a incapacitated state (terminal delirium).

In that case, won’t everyone end up in a state that lacks reason? Can the principles of “infant baptism” be applied to people at end of life? Yet, this sounds absurd too if applied so. What do you think? @Vico
 
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In that case, won’t everyone end up in a state that lacks reason? Can the principles of “infant baptism” be applied to people at end of life? Yet, this sounds absurd too if applied so. What do you think? @Vico
CIC (Latin Canon Law)
Can. 852 §1. The prescripts of the canons on adult baptism are to be applied to all those who, no longer infants, have attained the use of reason. §2. A person who is not responsible for oneself (non sui compos) is also regarded as an infant with respect to baptism.
 
Help me to understand this:
Baptism is never administered without faith: in the case of infants, it is the faith of the Church.
http://www.vatican.va/roman_curia/congregations/cfaith/documents/rc_con_cfaith_doc_19801020_pastoralis_actio_en.html
I will try to say it in my own words, as I understand it : baptism is not only, and maybe not first and foremost, a declaration of faith. It is a new birth, a birth through Christ’s death into Christ’s resurrected life, the birth which Christ described as “being born through water and the Spirit”. As in our physical birth, there is an element of passivity to it. The grace through which God elects for Himself a new people, and welcomes them into His alliance, comes first. We are free to choose to cooperate with this grace or not, but we cannot make this choice if God’s gift of grace doesn’t precede our choice, and baptism is a means through which this gift of grace is conferred.
My understanding of baptism, no doubt is a gift of grace from God, always requires faith and the free will and cooperation of the individual. Why does it not apply in “Infant Baptism”?
It does not apply in infant baptism because, obviously, infants do not have consciousness or free will, or the capacity to cooperate with God’s grace.

But the grace received in the sacrament of baptism is precisely what will help the child, growing up, to develop an authentic free will (ie a will that is freely bound to, and directed towards, God as its ultimate Good).

In other words, the Church, when she baptises an infant, has faith in God and His promises to us, and that means, among others, faith in the effects of baptismal grace in the infant’s future life, as the Instruction On Infant Baptism you linked to also mentions : “Furthermore, in accordance with the teaching of the Council of Trent on the sacraments, Baptism is not just a sign of faith but also a cause of faith.”

As 1 John says, “we love because He first loved us”.

I’m not sure this is clear or even makes sense… Sorry if I only muddied the waters a bit more !
 
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