When the whole of Europe was Catholic, of course they served mostly Catholics, there weren’t a lot of other religions around. I don’t think they turned anyone away, regardless of religion. The Church has always been in the business of providing for the corporal and spiritual works of mercy. It’s part of Catholicism.
But just to address your other comment, government money has nothing to do with it. If the Church didn’t operate food kitchens, it would still practice the corporal works of mercy, perhaps by having parishes provide food. But if parishes provide food for non-Catholics, they would still be in violation of the HHS mandate, which would then consider the parish a non-religious entity.
The mandate doesn’t just apply to institutions which accept government money. It applies to ALL employers regardless of federal funding or no federal funding. Any employer who finds its provision unconscienable will either have to pay fines or go out of business or reject his beliefs.