I find it astonishing that the word “Hail” is only used twice in the entire NT. First, when the Angel greets Mary, second when the roman soldiers put the crown of thorns on Jesus and mock him by “hail, king of the Jews”. For me, this isa very powerful representation for understanding Mary’s motherly role in God’s salvation plan. The word “Hail,” is just more than "hello, " it was used historically to greet earthly kings and queens and people of high stature. When the angel said “Hail Mary full of grace”, the word “Hail” alone, put Mary on the highest human pedestal, second to Christ. At that moment, Mary did not know she was a Queen, but the Angel surprised her and she was. As only a Queen can give birth to a King. Recall that Mary was troubled at the greeting. Who wouldn’t ???
In Christ.
Actually, besides that, there are a few other instances where the Greek
chaire (from
chairo, “to rejoice”) is used in the context of a greeting; even so, many Bible translations render these as “greetings” or something of the sort so the confusion is understandable:
Matthew 26:49 - When Judas greets Jesus (“
Chaire, Rabbi!”)
Matthew 28:9 - When Jesus greets the women (in the plural, “
chairete”)
Acts 15:23 - When the apostles and elders greet “
the brothers who are from the nations in Antioch, and Syria, and Cilicia” in their letter (in the more formal infinitive form commonly used in letters, “
Chairein”)
Acts 23:26 - Where Claudius Lysias greets Felix in his letter (again, “
Chairein”)
James 1:1 - When James greets “
the twelve tribes in the Diaspora” in his letter (once more, “
Chairein”).
2 John 1:10 - “
If anyone comes to you and does not bring this teaching, do not receive him into your house nor say “greetings” * (Chairein) * to him…”
Interestingly, some note that the early Christians did not greet each other with
chaire, but with the almost phonetically-similar
charis (“grace”), which can already by seen in the epistles of St. Paul (1 Corinthians 1:3; 2 Corinthians 13:13; Colossians 4:18; 1 Timothy 6:21; 2 Timothy 4:22). Early Christians may have noted that the angel
oddly greets her with
chaire, but with a good reason: because Gabriel also uses the word
kecharitōmenē (full of
grace). Saying “
Grace, full of grace” would have been rather redundant.
Others point out that for this,
chaire was used because of its other meaning, “
to rejoice”. As such, the greeting “
Rejoice, full of grace!” would then be a prophetic invitation to messianic joy, as in Zephaniah 3:14, Joel 2:21 and Zechariah 9:9:
Rejoice greatly (
Chaire sphodra), O daughter Sion!
Proclaim, O daughter Jerusalem!
Rejoice, and be delighted with your heart, O daughter Jerusalem!
The Lord has taken away your iniquities;
He has redeemed you from the hand of your enemies.
The King of Israel, the Lord, is in your midst;
You shall see evil no more.
-Zephaniah 3:14-15, Septuagint