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chevalier
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Bohemia (current Czech Republic): Seized by von Luxemburg emperors of the HRE from heirs of the Premyslid family (not getting into their history). Followed by some warlord elected to be king. Followed by an import from Poland, same one as in Hungary. Replaced by Habsburgs in 1526 as per treaty. An attempt to elect a different monarch (the “Winter King”, Frederick, Elector Palatine) in 1618, much by way of a national uprising for independence.
Slovakia: Never really had an own dynasty, being subject of wars between Bohemia, Hungary and occasionally some other powers (e.g. Poland).
Poland: All sorts of bypassing the eldest sons and/or testamental heirs of the monarch throughout the whole life of the Piast dynasty. Eventually a junior dynast united the line, his son being childless and the throne by his Anjou relations due to a treaty despite his attempts to renege on that treaty and put on the throne some more local relative he had adopted, and despite plenty of male dynasts. This was followed by a iure uxoris king whose offspring with another woman replaced the previous dynasty by the will of the nobility. Followed by elective monarchs ever after (while the original dynasty lived until 1685 in male line, and females and their offspring were very much non-excluded by Poland’s customs…), some of whom were cast out and then returned and cast out the other guys. Crown usurped by Tzars of Russia in 1815 by agreement of the powers at Vienna, after a short-lived stunt with a Duchy of Warsaw ruled by Saxon Wettins, the constitutional heirs from before the fall of Poland (four years before the fall, heritable monarchy was put in place to begin from the death of the last elected king, whose election was very suspicious, between bribery and force, and he was a former lover of the Russian Tzaritsa). In WW1, Germans and Austrians seized the “kingdom”, which remained without a king, to be nominated at some later date by the two powers.
Silesia: Possibly taken from Bohemia by Poland in 10th century, otherwise conquered from a local dynasty (which probably had offspring, reduced to local lords living until today). Near-permanent subject of a war between Poland and Bohemia, along with HRE emperors forcing themselves with overlordship. Turbulent succession of countless local dukes, often by treaty. Different overlords for different dukes (could be the king of Poland, or that of Bohemia, or the HRE emperor). Seizures by the overlords. Installation of non-dynasts. Prussia took over in 19th century without a claim. Afterwards, from 1918, both Germany and Poland were republics, so not relevant here.
Lithuania: Lots of infighting and shifting successions, as well as appointments of ruling grand dukes by “paramount dukes” being kings of Poland from the Lithuanian dynasty. Initially had some independent elections, then shared the fate of Poland. Grand dukes were kings of Poland, elected without blood ties to anybody previously ruling being the decisive criterion. Crown made elective basically by decision of the grand dukes along with parliaments, choosing it to be so for the future.
Russia: War, war, war, followed by elections from 1598 onward, which eventually nominated non-Rurikid Romanov Tzars in 1613 (not like the Rurikid princes wanted the position so much). The Rurikids were still extant in junior lines. In fact, they still very well are, and plenty of them.
Ukraine, Belarus: Various local Rurikid dukes replaced at will by overlords, by rival claimants and rebellions, by conquest by external powers, finally claimed by Muscovy (later Russia), Poland and Lithuania, even by Habsburgs to an extent.
Spain: Kingship assumed on the basis of treaties and wars, followed by Habsburg inheritance (would have to check if it were possible to find a dent there…), followed by War of the Spanish Succession between Habsburgs from Austria and supporters of the Bourbons appointed by a treaty between France and Spain, by agreement of the last Spanish Habsburg. Followed by Carlist wars ever after. Carlist claimants are still out there, although the current king has inherited some of the claims from that line.
Portugal: Some trouble with succession by a junior branch, followed by Spanish conquest, followed by another junior branch succeeding, later having some dynastic troubles in 19th century.
Slovakia: Never really had an own dynasty, being subject of wars between Bohemia, Hungary and occasionally some other powers (e.g. Poland).
Poland: All sorts of bypassing the eldest sons and/or testamental heirs of the monarch throughout the whole life of the Piast dynasty. Eventually a junior dynast united the line, his son being childless and the throne by his Anjou relations due to a treaty despite his attempts to renege on that treaty and put on the throne some more local relative he had adopted, and despite plenty of male dynasts. This was followed by a iure uxoris king whose offspring with another woman replaced the previous dynasty by the will of the nobility. Followed by elective monarchs ever after (while the original dynasty lived until 1685 in male line, and females and their offspring were very much non-excluded by Poland’s customs…), some of whom were cast out and then returned and cast out the other guys. Crown usurped by Tzars of Russia in 1815 by agreement of the powers at Vienna, after a short-lived stunt with a Duchy of Warsaw ruled by Saxon Wettins, the constitutional heirs from before the fall of Poland (four years before the fall, heritable monarchy was put in place to begin from the death of the last elected king, whose election was very suspicious, between bribery and force, and he was a former lover of the Russian Tzaritsa). In WW1, Germans and Austrians seized the “kingdom”, which remained without a king, to be nominated at some later date by the two powers.
Silesia: Possibly taken from Bohemia by Poland in 10th century, otherwise conquered from a local dynasty (which probably had offspring, reduced to local lords living until today). Near-permanent subject of a war between Poland and Bohemia, along with HRE emperors forcing themselves with overlordship. Turbulent succession of countless local dukes, often by treaty. Different overlords for different dukes (could be the king of Poland, or that of Bohemia, or the HRE emperor). Seizures by the overlords. Installation of non-dynasts. Prussia took over in 19th century without a claim. Afterwards, from 1918, both Germany and Poland were republics, so not relevant here.
Lithuania: Lots of infighting and shifting successions, as well as appointments of ruling grand dukes by “paramount dukes” being kings of Poland from the Lithuanian dynasty. Initially had some independent elections, then shared the fate of Poland. Grand dukes were kings of Poland, elected without blood ties to anybody previously ruling being the decisive criterion. Crown made elective basically by decision of the grand dukes along with parliaments, choosing it to be so for the future.
Russia: War, war, war, followed by elections from 1598 onward, which eventually nominated non-Rurikid Romanov Tzars in 1613 (not like the Rurikid princes wanted the position so much). The Rurikids were still extant in junior lines. In fact, they still very well are, and plenty of them.
Ukraine, Belarus: Various local Rurikid dukes replaced at will by overlords, by rival claimants and rebellions, by conquest by external powers, finally claimed by Muscovy (later Russia), Poland and Lithuania, even by Habsburgs to an extent.
Spain: Kingship assumed on the basis of treaties and wars, followed by Habsburg inheritance (would have to check if it were possible to find a dent there…), followed by War of the Spanish Succession between Habsburgs from Austria and supporters of the Bourbons appointed by a treaty between France and Spain, by agreement of the last Spanish Habsburg. Followed by Carlist wars ever after. Carlist claimants are still out there, although the current king has inherited some of the claims from that line.
Portugal: Some trouble with succession by a junior branch, followed by Spanish conquest, followed by another junior branch succeeding, later having some dynastic troubles in 19th century.
Perhaps a span of 200 years, maybe more in some very unique cases (e.g. the Austrian Habsburgs avoided infighting, the Stuarts from the first king until 1688, possibly France from Valois succession in 14th century to the death of Louis XVI in 1593, if we agree that Henry IV, the first Bourbon on the throne, was a very obvious heir despite a dynasty change). But sooner or later, and typically sooner, you will find somebody who took over in a rebellion, was appointed by nobles or parliament or an overlord or the previous ruler bypassing some other heir, or even by the Pope (who e.g. appointed English kings lords of Ireland, and had a basis to claim to be England’s liege lord due to homage by John Lackland, which was not unique among European kings, many of whom were papal vassals and their kingdoms papal fiefs, at least in name).
