The logistics of the ark are where I think the case for literalism breaks down.
From a purely physical point of view you
may be correct, but let’s look at it.
Keeping a large number of animals on a ship for an extended period of time would demand a massive amount of food
Quite right, it would. But then, the Ark was massive, and many of the animals that were on it were not. There could have been multiple levels of storage in the lower portions of the ark to hold grain, meats, etc. After all, while we do get physical dimensions, we’re never explicitly told how those dimensions are divided vertically. With a ship of that size it’s not difficult or presumptuous to concluded that there were two or three levels in portions of it (fewer in portions where larger animals are kept to allow for headroom.)
It was raining. Constantly.
Fresh water gathering would not be difficult. Even if they were to collect from the sea the water could be purified by boiling and given to the animals. Also, if the flood was truly world wide (a view I don’t personally hold, but for the sake of argument), the salt content of any single portion of it would be drastically diminished, conceivably to the point of being palatable. Either way, while it certainly would have been a pain to manage, it is not impossible to conceive of purifying water for the animals each day, or collecting water from the rains to give them.
as well as waste disposal capabilities
Backbreaking, disgusting, boring work; but not impossible. Toss the **** overboard, clean / replace the hay for urine, and use buckets of rainwater to clean the animals themselves.
Uncomfortable, certainly, but not impossible.
–none of which are readily apparent in the descriptions of the ark.
Not apparent from descriptions, but all easily conceivable.
And you can’t just have one kind of food. You have to have meat for the carnivores, and how are you going to preserve fresh meat for an extended period of time using bronze age capabilities?
Hay and grain can easily keep for forty days, so that’s not a problem. As for the meat, that can be kept the way it has been kept since food storage first became a thing; with salt. Salted meat can keep for forty days with little problem; people used to keep it for much longer in earthen shacks or holes in the ground. Couple salt with the potential for it being kept in the bow of the ship, which would be significantly cooler than upper areas due to it being below water level and therefore naturally cooled by the water around it, and keeping meat for forty days becomes a very simple task indeed.
Now, they couldn’t have eaten a three course meal every day, and I imagine that both the animals and Noah would have been hungry constantly, but that can be managed for a time. Although, Noah and his family would probably have eaten their fill to keep their strength up. fortunately, humans need significantly less than the animals to keep going.
The biggest problem from a purely physical standpoint is really the collection of the animals, which is difficult, but not impossible; and their housing, which would have been cramped and probably dangerous, but again, not impossible.